tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18676171423389712642024-03-13T04:49:33.328-07:00HUMAIRA FARMAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.comBlogger42125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-31870722273146883162012-10-15T21:08:00.000-07:002012-10-15T21:08:00.635-07:00How to make VCO<br />
<h2>
HOW TO MAKE VIRGINE COCONUT OIL </h2>
Processing virgin coconut oil right in your own home and kitchen is<br />
very easy and simple.<br />
Grit the meat of freshly opened mature coconut.<br />
Pour a little water and mush the greeted coconut meat.<br />
Press to extract the coconut milk.<br />
Let the milk stay overnight or for 10 to 12 hours.<br />
The water will settle down the container and the oil will float.<br />
Drain out the water.<br />
Heat the oil in stainless steel kettle in 45 to 70 degrees temperature for 15 to 30 minutes to remove and evaporate remaining water in the oil. Better heat oil in double kettle where the first has water in direct contact with fire and the other with oil inside the casserole with heated water.<br />
Place the virgin coconut oil in bottle and seal.<br />
Store in room temperature away from sunlight.<br />
Another way of preserving virgin oil is by freezing instead of heating.<br />
Virgin coconut oil is used for various purposes. It is used for medication, beauty and body skin ointment, cooking oil, lubricant, fuel, etc. It does not get rancid when the right procedure is done. <br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-56513469005007740092012-10-15T21:01:00.000-07:002012-10-15T21:01:03.201-07:00KOREAN TECHNOLOGY ON ORGANIC FARMING<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> KOREAN TECHNOLOGY ON ORGANIC FARMING</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>IMO – Indigenous Microbial Organism</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For composting inoculant)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix 1 kilo cooked rice with 1 kilo muscovado sugar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Place in earthen jar or plastic pail.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cover with clean Manila paper and fasten with rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allow to ferment for 7 to 14 days.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Separate the juice in clean container and seal, ready for use.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage and usage: Mix 4 tbsp I 1 liter of water or 1 litter IMO to 100 liters water and spray on plants and soil root zone. Spray on hog feeds and animal manure to eliminate malodor. Use IMO as inoculants in composting degradable organic matter.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>OC – Organic Compost formulation and making</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For composting inoculant)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Materials to be used:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>100 kilos or 2 bags of rice or corn brand.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>100 kilos or 2 bags of top soil.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>0.5 kilo IMO (Indigenous Microbial Organism).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>0.5 kilo FFAA (Fermented Fish Amino Acid).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix thoroughly the above materials and cover with plastic sheet.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ferment the materials for 7 to 14 days.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>IMO and FFAA can also be used as inoculants in making compost with the use of sawdust or hammer-milled corncobs with chicken dung or other animal manure.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FFAA – Fermented Fish Amino Acid formulation</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For foliar fertilizer and growth activator)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix 1 kilo unwashed fresh trash fish with 1 kilo muscovado sugar or molasses.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Place in earthen jar or plastic pail.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cover with clean Manila paper and fasten with rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allow the materials to ferment for 7 to 14 days</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Squeeze out the juice and place in a clean container and seal.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Collect the solid fishbone to be used for making calcium nutrient spray formula for plants.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">g.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Juice is used as foliar fertilizer to induce vegetative growth.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">h.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage: 1 liter FFAA to 1 drum (200 liters) of water or 1 ml FFAA to 1 liter of water.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>CPN – Calcium for Plant Nutrient formulation</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For Foliar Fertilizer)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Crush 1 kilo egg shell and burn.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix with 10 liters of pure coconut vinegar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Place in a jar and cover with clean Manila paper. Fasten with rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Let it stay in the jar for 3 weeks, and ad 2 kilos fishbone. (Fishbone from making FFAA can be used.)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After 4 weeks, the liquid can be used as Calcium Nutrient spray on plants.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage: 1 ml to 1 liter of water or 1 litter to 1 drum (200 liters) water</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FFJ – Fermented Fruit Juice formulation</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For foliar Fertilizer and drench fertilizer for seedlings)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix 1 kilo chopped banana or other fruits (except citrus), and mix with 1 kilo muscovado or molasses.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Place in an earthen jar or plastic pail.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cover with clean Manila paper and tie with rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allow to ferment for 7 to 14 days and separate the juice in clean container & seal.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Usage: Animal drink nutrient enhancement.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage: Mix 1 liter FFJ to 1 drum (200 liters) of water or 1 ml FFJ to 1 liter water</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FPJ – Fermented Fruit Juice formulation</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For Foliar Fertilizer or drench fertilizer for seedlings)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix 1 kilo chopped banana pseudo stem) 2 feet long on the upper most section to be taken at 5 a.m.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix with 1 kilo muscovado or molasses and place in a jar or plastic pail.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cover the mouth of the jar with clean Manila paper and fasten with rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allow to ferment for 7 to 14 days and squeeze out the juice.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Usage: Hog and livestock drink.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage: 1 liter of FPJ to 1 drum (200 litters) of water or 1ml FPJ to 1 liter water.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>LABS – Lactic Acid Bacterial Serum formulation</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For Foliar Fertilizer or seedling drench)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix 1 kilo uncooked brown rice and or fresh milk with 1.5 liters water inside a jar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cover the jar with clean Manila paper and tie with rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allow to ferment for 7 to 14 days.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Usage: The juice can be used as soil conditioner or fertilizer.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage: Mix 2 ml juice with 1 liter of water. (1 tbs. per gallon water).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>OHN – Oriental Herbal Nutrient formulation using GARLIC</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For Foliar insect repellant and fungicide)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix 1 kilo clean ginger, crushed by stone of wood (no metal implement should be used), with 1 kilo muscovado sugar or molasses and place in a jar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pour in a bottle of gin, Ginebra San Miguel 40% proof.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cover the mouth of the jar with a clean Manila paper and tie it with a rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allow to ferment for 7 to 14 days.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Usage: OHN is used as spray against insects and fungi.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage: 3 ml OHN (garlic) mix with 1 liter of water. (1.5 tbs per gallon)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>OHN – Oriental Herbal Nutrient formulation using GINGER </span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> (For foliar insect repellant and fungicide) </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix 1 kilo clean ginger, crushed by stone of wood (no metal implement should be used), with 1 kilo muscovado sugar or molasses and place in a jar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pour in a bottle of gin, Ginebra San Miguel 40% proof.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cover the mouth of the jar with a clean Manila paper and tie it with a rubber strip.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allow to ferment for 7 to 14 days.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Usage: OHN is used as spray against insects and fungi.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dosage: 3 ml OHN (ginger) mix with 1 liter of water.(1.5 tbs. per gallon)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ST – Seed Treatment for germination</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> Dosage and treatment of liquid formulations</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">0.2 % FPJ</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">0.2 % BRV (Brown Rice Vinegar) or Coconut vinegar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">0.2 % OHN (0.1 % OHN Garlic + 0.1 % OHN Ginger)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Mix the above formulations together with water.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">How to use: Soak the seeds to be germinated for 4 to 8 hours. For slow germinating seeds, soak the seeds for a longer time. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>SW – Sea Water usage as spray for plants against diseases</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Get sea water from the blue colored area or deep portion where water is clear and uncontaminated with land pollution. Mix 1 liter of seawater with 30 ml fresh water in a plastic container and let it stay for a duration of 2 days. The mixture can then be used as spray on disease infected plants. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">USAGE GUIDE: </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">IMO – For early vegetative growth.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">FFJ – For early vegetative stage.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">FPJ – For early vegetative stage.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">FFAA – For late growth stage and bearing period.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">SW – For late growth stage and bearing period.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-59308986831082470732012-10-12T00:20:00.003-07:002012-10-12T00:20:50.712-07:00ORGANIC FARMING PART 6<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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HOW TO PREPARE OWN ORGANIC PESTICIDE AND FUNGICIDE<br />
Gather plants with strong repelling odor and taste, like pungent (hot) pepper, black pepper, tobacco, onion, ginger, garlic, marigold, oregano, bitter vine, derris, neem, aloe vera, marigold, kamantigui, guava leaves, curry leaves, ipil-ipil leaves and seeds, madre de cacao leaves, castor bean seed, tuba-tuba leaves and seeds, adelfa and other plants that repel or kill insects and have fungicidal property.<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Chop and place them in a blender with equal amount of water and blend or Pound and extract the juice or sap (fluid/liquid). For brew, boil the material, cool and separate the liquid tea.<br />
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b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Strain the liquid and mix one (1) teaspoon powdered detergent per litter and place in bottle as stock solution.<br />
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c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Upon spraying mix one (1) tablespoon of stock solution for every litter of water. (1 tbsp. per 10 ml. water) Dosage may be increased or decreased as you find its effectiveness to your crop.<br />
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Continued to <a href="http://humairafarm.blogspot.com/2012/10/organic-farming-part-7.html">PART 7</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-63431314890182339612012-10-12T00:09:00.001-07:002012-10-12T00:11:40.290-07:00ORGANIC FARMING PART 5<br />
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<a href="http://www.learnnaturalhealingandmedicine.com/images/Aloe-plant.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.learnnaturalhealingandmedicine.com/images/Aloe-plant.jpg" /></a></div>
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<br />
KNOW ABOUT HERBAL PLANTS<br />
Aloe – [M.E.<gr .aloe=".aloe" a="a" african="african" aloe.="aloe." aloe="aloe" aloin="aloin" also="also" american="american" and="and" any="any" century="century" chiefly="chiefly" dried="dried" drug="drug" fiber="fiber" genus="genus" juice="juice" leaves="leaves" liliaceous="liliaceous" nbsp="nbsp" of="of" p="p" plant="plant" purgative="purgative" species="species" the="the" various="various" which="which" yield="yield">Aloe vera, one of the species contain manapol which contain vitamin, amino acid, macro and micronutrients and polysaccharides. It has an immunostimulant property. It contain a rich source of saponins which is toxic on herbivores, detergent, and destroy pathogen membranes. It has insect repellant, anti fungal, anti viral and anti bacterial property. The new compounds were found in the sterol fraction of the leaf. The presence of these agents in Aloe are very important. Campesterol, cholesterol, and B-sitosterol are plant sterols which possess chemical structures which are anti-inflammatory. Lupeol, a hydrochloride, is also an antiseptic and analgesic agent. <br />
In 1982, a University of Chicago Burn Center Report which will be examined in more detail later in this text recommended the presence of Salicylic Acid but adds that this aspirin-like compound is a breakdown product from aloin (barbaloin) found in the sap. Other researchers have identified the presence of small amountof Urea Nitrogen, another anti-microbial agent, in the sap.<br />
From the evidence obtain from research, one can postulate that Aloe vera works without toxic or allergic effects because of its nutrient and water content acts as a buffers. The nutrients also are essential to tissue growth and function. The plant controls (or eliminates) infection because of natural antiseptic agents – Sulfur, Phenols, Lupeol, Salicylic Acid, Cinnamonic Acid, and Urea Nitrogen. It controls inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory fatty acids, Cholesterol, Campesterol and B-sitosterol, and it limits or stop pain because of its content of Lupeol, Salicylic Acid and Magnesium. Acting together, these agents and the leaves, other agents constitute the synergestic relationship. Thus, we see a rational explanation for the numerous reports that Aloe Vera eliminates many internal and external infections, limit or eliminates inflammation, and is highly effective pain killer. <br />
Chemistry explains Aloe’s ability to work as an effective treatment for burns, cuts, scrapes, and abrasions as well as for the treatment of many inflammatory conditions such as rheumatic fever, arthritis of all kinds, disorder of the skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and other internal organs such as the kidney, spleen, pancreas, and liver.<br />
It is important to remember that an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agents are found in the sap and the rind of the plant, not in gel. At the same time one must not forget that the basic nutrient and other agents are widely dispersed throughout the plant – meaning the sap, the gel, and the rind. – and about 98% of the water is confined to the gel. This knowledge should help put pseudo-scientific fallacies to rest, especially the wide held myth that the gel of the plant is totally responsible for the healing ability of Aloe Vera. At the same time, we need not avoid an overreaction, which dismisses the gel as worthless. The gel is important as a buffering agent. Therefore, the theory of a synergistic relationship is the one, which is supportable with both history and science. <br />
At this point in our research for the truth, we have a chemical explanation of Aloe vera’s ability to heal through its capability to control or kill a number of disease causing microbes, to alleviate (or eliminate) pain, and to counteract inflammation.<br />
We know that it has been repeatedly stated that the plant has all these abilities, and more. As yet we have not even mention Aloe vera’s reported ability to eliminate excessive water from tissue, to aid digestion, to balance body acidity, to eliminate or greatly reduce scarring. To regenerate hair follicles, to return injured or damaged skin to its normal health color, or any other benefits that will be explored as we move from the theoretical back to the practical. <br />
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Neem Tree (Azadiracta indica) <br />
Neem originated in the regions of Asia, India, Burma and Thailand. Now the tree grows in the tropical and arid regions in other parts of the globe. It is a fast growing tree adapts to semi-arid areas with 250 – 2000 mm rainfall per year. It can grow in poor soils but will not tolerate in high moisture soils and constant humidity.<br />
Neem tree flowers are small and white. Fruit is oblong small in size about 2 cm long grows in bundles. Light green and turns yellow when ripe. Many parts of the tree, from roots to fruits contain natural organic insecticide properties, which can be extracted and used by farmers and gardeners.<br />
Preparing neem spray. Pound the leaves, bark or seeds at 1:2 ratio. Soak in water overnight and use extract as spray for lepidopterous pests, bacterial wilt, nematodes, fruit flies, beetles, aphids and leaf hoppers. Cake can be used as mulch or mixed with soil to control bacteria, fungi and nematodes. <br />
Uses of Neem:<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As an insecticide, neem extracts from roots, bark, leaves and seeds have strong anti-feeding insecticide properties. Insects affected and sensitive to neem extracts are the following:<br />
<br />
1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Coleoptera beetles about 20 species.<br />
2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Diptera flies – 5 species.<br />
3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hemiptera bugs – 14 species.<br />
4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Isoptera termites – 2 species.<br />
5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Lepidoptera butterflies and moth – 25 species.<br />
6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Orthoptera locust and grasshoppers – 5 species.<br />
<br />
Insects that show resistance to neem extracts are scale insects, mealy bugs, bark eating caterpillars, and some pests infesting stored grains and seeds.<br />
Neem extracts from leaves, fruits and bark have a strong repellant, anti-feedant and insecticide property. The Neem seed oil extract is a repellant to termites and nematodes. Extracts affect the food intake of insects, its digestion and physiological control mechanism (hormones) of insect growth that results in abnormalities in its molting process. Insect fertility is also affected, reducing greatly its fertile eggs.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The wood can be bused for lumber – construction. It is resistant to termites and woodworms. Wood chips can be used as paperboard, and excellent mulching material.<br />
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c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use for greening urban communities, along roadsides and parks, provide shed, clean the air pollution, acting as wind breaker, serves as water shed and prevents soil erosion, green barrier against spread of forest fires.<br />
<br />
d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use as fodder for goats and sheep. It contains 15% protein and low in cellulose content.<br />
<br />
e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>It is also very good soil conditioner and organic fertilizer. Neem cake or fruit pulp mixed with urea or other commercial chemical fertilizers will help restrict the growth of denitrifying bacteria. This reduces the breakdown of nitrogen in fertilizers and optimizes the efficiency of fertilizers applied to the soil. Blending urea with Neem cake saves 20% of nitrogen fertilizer and increases yield by up to 15% in India. Neem cake significantly increases growth of azola and reduces insect (Pyralis sp.) infestation also in India.<br />
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f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The extracted juice is used as medicine. Effective treatment for septic wounds, ulcer, skin diseases, stomach worms and malaria. Pharmaceutical preparations as nimbidin, based ointment, soap, toothpaste, cosmetics, denaturant and edible fats.<br />
<br />
g.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The crude oil from seeds is used as lubricant. Neem seed oil mixed with soap and water is very effective spray against a wide range of insect pests. It is safe for bathing pets like dogs, cats and birds to dispel lice.<br />
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TOBACCO (BAR Chronicle July 2003)<br />
Tobacco has been used by man for various reasons. Today it is used more for smoking because of its addicting pleasure. Tit is also used as food and feed, insect pest and disease medication for animals, pets and poultry. <br />
“This is an herb of marvelous virtue against wounds, ulcers, herpes and all other things” says Jean Nicot in the 15th century, French ambassador to Portugal who introduced the tobacco plant to France. Today, our scientist continue research on tobacco. They confirmed that it has medicinal properties as antibacterial, antifungal, and topical analgesics. National Tobacco Administration (NTA) are formulating tobacco seed oil and leaf extract for medication. <br />
It has been reported in the DA-BAR Chronicle, that tobacco dust, if sprayed in liquid form, can be used in vegetable crops to kill insect pests such as golden snails, corm weevils, rain moths, and red flour beetle. Staunch advocates of organic farming are delighted with the beneficial uses of tobacco to control plant pests and diseases. <br />
Other herbal plants<br />
The Philippine is very rich in different herbal plants that are suitable for pest and disease control. Some of them are discussed in this handbook.<br />
ORGANIC FARMING<br />
Organic farming is a form of agriculture which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, plant growth regulators, and livestock feed additives. As far as possible, organic farmers rely on crop rotation, crop residues, animal manures and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and tilth (soil texture) to supply plant nutrients, and to control weeds, insects and other pests and diseases (pathogens).<br />
According to the International Organic Farming Organization IFOAM, "The role of organic agriculture, whether in farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the smallest in the soil to human beings."<br />
Many of the above discussions on Natural Farming practices including most items on Integrated Pest Management are part of Organic Farming practices. In these following discussions, we will be introducing farming practices that will be focused on the use of organic materials instead of synthetic chemical products.<br />
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Continued to <a href="http://humairafarm.blogspot.com/2012/10/organic-farming-part-6.html">PART 6</a></div>
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sumber : <a href="http://www.freewebs.com/organicfarmphil/introtonaturalfarming.htm">ORGANIC FARMING</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-67903185949505210012012-10-11T23:35:00.001-07:002012-10-12T00:12:20.673-07:00ORGANIC FARMING PART 4<br />
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<a href="http://www.tomatocasual.com/wp-content/uploads/organic_pest_control2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="http://www.tomatocasual.com/wp-content/uploads/organic_pest_control2.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
USE OF ORGANIC PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL MATERIALS<br />
We have a long list of biological pest and disease control and prevention materials at the later part of this paper for your guide, in case you decide to make your own botanical organic pesticides and fungicides.<br />
Research found Marigold to repel or eliminate nematodes within a meter radius from the plant. The roots give off chemical diffusate that is toxic to nematodes. Many other plants and herbs have been found to have insecticide and fungicidal properties. You may follow theses simple steps in preparing organic pest and disease extracts for your garden use:<br />
PREPARING YOUR OWN PESTICIDE<br />
While so many farmers are complaining of the high and even increasing cost of commercial agricultural chemicals, they can make and prepare their own with cheaper and available materials they can secure in their community or even grow in their own farm. Among these are the following:<br />
1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Lime sulfur powder as natural fungicide<br />
<br />
a. Secure 1-kilo very fine lime and 1-kilo sulfur powder.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix at 1:1 ratio.<br />
c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Add 1-gallon water.<br />
d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bottle and seal tightly.<br />
e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray to plants for the control of fungal diseases of both garden and farm crops.<br />
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2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Water is a universal solvent and cleaning agent. Home gardens with good water supply, while watering their plants can wash them with pressure hose to remove insect pests, fungus and bacterial infections. This practice is even done to big trees with power sprayers. Spraying clean water can wash off mites, ants, spider mites, and even fungal infections and other insect pests. With this practice many home gardens never use toxic chemicals to spray their plants against pests and diseases.<br />
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3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sea Water is one source of good fungicide and insect repellant as well as providing the plant with added trace mineral elements. However it may need dilution with fresh water to reduce its toxicity to plants specially those with thin leaves and sensitive tissues.<br />
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4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Soap or Detergent and water<br />
<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dissolve two (2) ounces soap flake to thee (3) gallons of water.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bottle the stock solution, ready for spraying. Soap washings may be used.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dissolve three- (3) tbs. of soap flake/powder in one (1) gallon of water. Soap washing may also be used.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray the plants with the stock solution against insect pest attacking your garden plants. The soap solution is effective control against mites, aphids, ants and other garden insect pest. It can also control fungal infection.<br />
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5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Soap and Kerosene<br />
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a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Buy soap and kerosene from your local store.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix ¼ cup soap water + ¼ tbs. of kerosene + one liter water. Stir the mixture to form stock solution.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Place stock solution in bottle ready for use. Use this solution when infestation is serious. Adding Malathion insecticide will help increase killing potency.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray plants for the control of garden pests such as aphids, ants, mealy bugs, mites and spider mites, etc.<br />
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6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Soap and Aromatic Herbs<br />
<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Collect / gather / wash and clean 1 Onion, 1 Garlic, 1 tbs. Hot Pepper.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Chop / cut materials into small pieces. Use grinder.<br />
c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pound / grind the different materials to extract juice.<br />
d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Filter the different materials separately.<br />
e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>To the filtered juice of different materials, add 1-quart water. Let it stand for one hour and add 1-tbs. liquid soap detergent. Place the mixture in tightly covered jars and store in a cool dark place for a week as stock solution.<br />
f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bottles stock solution ready for botanical pesticide. Spraying garden plants with botanical pesticide. This spray makes use of the repellant quality of onion, garlic and pepper. The soap serves as sticker and spreader.<br />
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7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vinegar<br />
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a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Buy vinegar from your local dealer. Bottle the vinegar as stock solution.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray plants with vinegar (stock solution) for the control of powdery mildew and other fungal diseases. Vinegar and other acids is good material for fungus eradication.<br />
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8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vinegar + Fermented Sugar<br />
<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Buy vinegar and sugar (brown or moscovado) from your local dealer<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix the fermented sugar and vinegar at 1:1 ratio and place in bottle as tock solution.<br />
c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray to plants stock solution for control of pest and fungal diseases.<br />
d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Adding water and soap can help spread the stock solution but could dilute the material to be less effective.<br />
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9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vegetable oil<br />
<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Buy vegetable oil from your local dealer. This serves as stock solution.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Add water and soap (1 part oil + 5 parts water + ½ part soap) and spray to plant to control spider mites and scale insects.<br />
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10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Wood Ash<br />
<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>We can control root maggots in radish, cabbage, onion and other brassicas by spreading fresh wood ash around the plant roots. Ashes are then covered lightly with soil.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Wood ash can also control snails, slugs and cutworms by encircling plants with 3-4 inches wide trench, 1-2 inches deep and fill the trench with ash.<br />
c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spraying cucumber beetle with a mixture of equal parts of wood ash, powdered line and soap is an effective control.<br />
d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray wood ash with water and soap can control flea beetle of tomatoes.<br />
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11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vinegar and vinegar with fermented oil<br />
<br />
Vinegar<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Buy vinegar from your local dealer. Bottle the vinegar as stock solution.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray plants with vinegar (stock solution) for the control of powdery mildew and other fungal diseases. Vinegar and other acids are good material for fungus eradication.<br />
<br />
12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vinegar + Fermented Sugar<br />
<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vinegar and sugar (brown or moscovado) from your local dealer<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix the fermented sugar and vinegar at 1:1 ratio and place in bottle as tock solution.<br />
c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Adding water and soap can help spread the stock solution but could dilute the material to be less effective.<br />
d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray to plants stock solution for control of pest and fungal diseases.<br />
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12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Crude oil<br />
<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Buy crude oil from your local gas station dealer.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix soap and water to form your stock solution. (100 grams powder soap + 1 liter crud oil + 1 liter water).<br />
c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix to stock solution to 16 liters of water and spray to plants against scale insects, mite, aphids and other insect pest and fungus.<br />
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continued to <a href="http://humairafarm.blogspot.com/2012/10/organic-farming-part-5.html">PART 5</a><br />
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Sumber : <a href="http://www.freewebs.com/organicfarmphil/introtonaturalfarming.htm">ORGANIC FARMING</a><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-69645857468200605322012-10-11T23:32:00.002-07:002012-10-12T00:10:17.027-07:00ORGANIC FARMING PART 3<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
COMMON INSECT PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL<br />
1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Whit Flies are aphid-like small insects that look like tiny moth. The nymphs are found in the underside of the leaves or covered parts of the plant as they try to avoid direct sunlight. Repeat treatment several times<br />
<br />
Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray with soap and nicotine solution.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use tobacco dust.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In every serious case, use kerosene emulsion with soap and water.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spraying or drenching plants with HOC-4n1 (Herbal Organic Concentrate) including the soil at the base of plants will reduce and eventually eliminate infestation.<br />
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2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Borers hatch inside the stem of plants, eat and grow inside as caterpillars. The branch or stem infested wilts and die.<br />
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Control by cutting off the infested stem and burn killing the pest. Periodic spraying plants with organic insecticide will help repel pests. Introduction ofTRICHOGRAMMA & BRACONIDS are very effective and self sustaining borer control. When established in the community, borers no longer can multiply and increase into pest population.<br />
Spraying of HOC-3n1 (Herbal Organic Concentrate at weekly interval during flushing, flowering and fruit development stage will greatly reduce infestation until totally eliminated.]<br />
<br />
<br />
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3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Coffee Berry Borers (CBB) The 1.5 mm bark beetle spends its entire larval life inside the coffee berry, encases the coffee bean. Male mates inside the berry with females, but never emerge. Only the mated female emerge to fly to a new berry and bore into it to lay eggs and start the cycle anew. Only when the female fly out is it vulnerable to predators or chemical control.<br />
<br />
Control is difficult with traditional and biological means.<br />
A Fungus, Beauveria bassiana, attacks a wide range of insects, including CBB. The technique is to get the fungus in contact with the insect pest. The fungus can become ENDOPHYTIC – meaning, once introduced to the plant, it integrates with plant tissues. Four methods are employed. 1. Injecting it into the stem, 2. Spraying it on the leaves and other parts of the plant, 3. Soaking the seeds in it and 4. Drenching soil with it. The purpose is to make the fungus thrive in the plant so that the coffee berry borer can become exposed to it and be infected and die.<br />
Spraying the coffee trees with HOC-3n1 (Herbal Organic Concentrate) once in 15 days will help reduce and eventually eliminate infestation. <br />
4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Caterpillars feed on leaves and tender parts of the plant. Butterfly and moth underneath the leaves usually lay eggs.<br />
Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray kerosene emulsion and wet the egg clusters to destroy them.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Handpick the caterpillar and destroy them.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pick leaves with cluster of eggs and burn them.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Introduce natural enemies in the environment like Braconids and other beneficial insects and predators.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray and drench the plant with HOC-4n1 (Herbal Organic Concentrate) when pest are observed.<br />
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5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cutworms attack newly transplanted vegetable seedlings or chew leaves and tender parts.<br />
Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Check at night with flashlight and gather pest and mechanically destroy them.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cultivate and expose the soil of seedlings attacked by cutworm, locate them and destroy.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Placing a stick or toothpick/matchstick at the side of the seedling stem buried will prevent cutworms from encircling cutting the stem.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray or drench the plant with HOC-4n1 (Herbal Organic Concentrate) including the soil at the base of the plant.<br />
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6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Leaf miners are grub inside the leaf. It develops into pupa and drops into the ground. It causes minor damage to leaves<br />
Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Herbs with strong smell repel adult’s flies and other insect pest. Intercropping or planting strong smelling herbs in your garden will lessen infestation.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Chickens and birds feed on pupa in the ground. Making your garden and farm a haven for birds will help reduce insect infestation.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If possible, plant trees bearing fruits and berries edible to birds in your farm. Maintain a watershed or mini forest for haven of wild life.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dusting wood ash and HOP-3n1 (Herbal Organic Powder) on leaves will repel leaf miner fly.<br />
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7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mealy bugs are scale insects covering stems and branches of plants, sucking its sap. This pest if not controlled early can destroy entire orchard.<br />
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Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray alcohol on the mealy bugs. It penetrates the waxy shell like protective cover, killing the insect.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spraying kerosene with tobacco and soap plus Malathion is effective for field control of orchard fruit trees like mango.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Repeat spraying every week until the pest is totally under control.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Weekly spray of HOC-3n1 (Herbal Organic Concentrate) for insect pests.<br />
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8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Fruit Flies are common and serious pest on fruits like mango, guava, jack fruit and other fruits and vegetables. The fly lays eggs into the fruit and hatch into maggot that burrow inside fruits. They eat up portion of the fruit and open it to secondary rot infection.<br />
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Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gather all infested fruits and bury or burn them to destroy the pest.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use bait like methyl eugenol or hydrolicate with insecticide.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dip ripe fruits like aromatic guava, jack fruit in Malathion of other insecticides, and place them on branches of trees every 20 meters apart.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mix two teaspoon of household ammonia and ¼ teaspoon soap powder in a quart of water. Fill a jar with mixture and put the jar right nest to the sunny side of the plant. Change the bait once a week or if it is diluted by rainwater.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Plant strong smelling herbal plants within your garden and farm.<br />
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9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Squash bugs lay eggs on squash. They develop into gray nymphs with fat bodies and black legs. They suck the sap of squash and other plants with tender shoots and flowers like mango.<br />
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Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sprinkle the plant with hydrated lime or wood ash.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Find the eggs and crush them.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Trap them with a thin flat board place slightly tilted in the garden. The bugs assemble beneath the board where they can be gathered and destroyed.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spraying kerosene with tobacco and soap plus Malathion is effective for field control of orchard fruit trees like mango.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Repeat spraying every week until the pest is totally under control.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray HOC-3n1 on weekly interval.<br />
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10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Root maggot of flies laid its eggs near roots of plants like corn, vegetables. The hatched maggots feed on the roots, and weaken the plant. When in heavy population, they wilt and kill the plants.<br />
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Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sprinkle wood ash around the stem of newly transplanted seedlings.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Incorporate chopped marigold into the soil.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use organic fertilizers.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sprinkle HOP-3n1 (Herbal Organic Powder) for insect pests.<br />
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11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Aphids / Green / Black fly makes your plant looks spindly and pale. They attack the leaves and stem. Aphids can change color to match plant color. It Metamorphose from nymphs to adult, with or without wings. When they are over crowded, they develop wings and fly to neighboring plants of the same family. They have 12 days cycle to maturity.<br />
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Control measures:<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Makabuhay (Tinospora rumphi) – Roots, stem and leaves liquid extract mix with water and soap is a good spray against flies, aphids, moth, worm and other insects.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Atis (Anona squamos) seeds are grind into powder and mixed with water and soap. Use as spray on aphids.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spray HOC-3n1 on weekly interval until pest are controlled.<br />
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Continued to <a href="http://humairafarm.blogspot.com/2012/10/organic-farming-part-4.html">PART 4</a></div>
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Sumber : <a href="http://www.freewebs.com/organicfarmphil/introtonaturalfarming.htm">ORGANIC FARMING</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-25267500095445481922012-10-11T23:27:00.000-07:002012-10-12T00:10:39.470-07:00ORGANIC FARMING PART 2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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While the above practices are good and desirable, they have to be done in combination with modern agricultural technology to increase productivity per unit area at shorter possible time. This is because the farming and food production areas do not increase, while population continues to increase. Feeding the growing world population needs the ingenuity of man, his talent and ability to invent and innovate as his Creator endowed in him<br />
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1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Zero cultivation, following and allowing the soil to rest and rejuvenate.<br />
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Zero cultivation has been a long and original practice of man in its first attempt to grow crops. Even today, kaingineros, those who clear the forest or trees to grow seasonal crops do not cultivate the soil, since it is soft, friable and very fertile. <br />
They just make small holes with pointed stick and drop seeds of rice, corn, vegetable or any crop they wish to grow. After one or two seasons, the soil hardens and hard to work on because of exposure to sunlight, necessitating soil cultivation, as the humus and organic content of the soil lessens. Then the farmer starts depending on commercial chemical fertilizers to replace nutrient loss. Unless organic compost materials are augmented to the soil, it will continue deteriorating.<br />
To remedy the situation, following, or resting the field for one year, allowing all vegetation including weeds to grow, to bring back the natural fertility and bioorganic life into the soil. The use of organic fertilizer in combination to commercial chemical fertilizer will help preserve and sustain the productivity of the land. This has been the practice of ancient farming in Egypt, Babylon and Israel.<br />
Tilling on the other hand promotes healthy soil in cultivated agricultural lands. It exposes the pest and soil born diseases, increases soil aeration and oxygen supply to microorganisms and promotes root growth and penetrates better as the soil is loose. This is done after destroying the natural soil environment through tillage.<br />
In orchard farms (fruit tree plantations) where permanent trees are growing, zero tillage can be done, by growing low creeping leguminous cover crops like Arakis pintoy or Australian peanut weed (mani-mani) around and in between tree rows.<br />
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2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Practice clean culture.<br />
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Keeping the field clean will help in preventing the growth and multiplication of pest and diseases. All plant waste and droppings should be gathered in one place to be composted and converted into organic fertilizer. Before using the composted organic materials for fertilizer, sanitize them first by exposing them to direct sunlight and dried to eliminate any diseases and eggs of insect pests. Defoliate over mature and diseased and infested leaves. Allow sunlight and aeration to penetrate between plants and within the foliage of trees. It will promote the growth of normal and healthy branches and eliminate abnormalities.<br />
Cultivation and weed control will also help not only in soil aeration and softening of soil mass but will also reduce or disturb the breeding place of insect pests and fungal diseases.<br />
To bring back the natural organic matter, these materials have to be incorporated with the soil as organic fertilizer and manure.<br />
<br />
<br />
3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Integrated Pest Management (IPM).<br />
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control program using combination of all practices to reduce or eliminate pest damage. This includes natural, biological and mechanical practices as well as bio and chemical pesticide application. <br />
Among these practices include the following:<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Planting resistant or tolerant plant varieties. Growing indigenous crop varieties with reasonably high productivity should be encouraged. New breeds and genetically modified plants are being developed like Bt Corn which are resistant to corn borer infestation. New pest and disease resistant with high nutrient food value varieties are being bred and produced through genetic engineering (GM) and natural cross breeding.<br />
b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Timing planting so as the growing and fruiting stages does not coincide with inclement weather conditions and high incidence of pest population.<br />
c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Growing boarder or inter-crops that are repellant to insect pests.<br />
d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Practice clean culture, proper pruning and removal of diseases or infested plant parts especially with fruit trees. Remove all breeding places of insect pests and infected debris rotting near plants and field.<br />
e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use organic fertilizer in combination with chemical fertilizer and supplement the field with compost and pro-biotic (bacteria, yeast & fungus). Sanitize compost and organic materials by exposing them to direct sunlight before applying it as fertilizer.<br />
f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Learn to prepare and use bioorganic pesticides and fungicides as substitute for toxic chemicals.<br />
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IPM may also include the following: <br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Keep the garden small and the plants varied to prevent insect pests infestation. Solo or mono cropping tends to encourage the multiplication and outbreak of insect pest that feed on the particular plant grown. Multiple cropping or maintaining a green belt in the farm where vegetation is allowed to grow naturally will be a shelter and home to beneficial organisms, plants and animals including variety of insects that will check and control any outbreak of pests. This will be a natural check and balance.<br />
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b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>A basic principle in pest management: Plant the right crop on the right soil at the right time. Plant crops at a time when its particular pest is inactive.<br />
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c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Plant indigenous cultivars or plant varieties native to the place. They are resistant to the pests and adapt very well to the local environment. The introduction of hi-breeds and high yielding commercial seeds have the tendency of eliminating indigenous varieties that are adopted to the environment as they have survive decades and century of adjustments.<br />
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d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Healthy organic soil, grow healthy plants that resist pests and diseases. In soils applied with organic matter or humus, animal manure and compost, the soil host a wide variety of micro organisms that are harmful to nematodes and cause diseases to some insect pests thereby allowing the increase in population of beneficial organisms and insects.<br />
<br />
e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Crop rotation dissociates microorganism buildup around the plant roots as each crop has a characteristic microbial association. (Example is pro biotic and nitrogen fixing bacteria for legumes). New microbes are being developed to inoculate the seeds just before planting to introduce them into the soil and help in nitrogen fixation that enriches the soil.<br />
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f.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Aromatic herbs like mint, garlic, marigold, oregano, onion, control nematodes and repel insects, and should thus be grown as companion crop to your garden or farm.<br />
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g.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tilling promotes healthy soil as it allows aeration bringing supply of oxygen promoting root growth and permit better root penetration breaking soil compaction. It exposes pest and soil born diseases to sunlight and disturbs their growth and multiplication. Sunlight is a very good and free sanitizer.<br />
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h.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Crop combination such as legumes and potatoes, control nematodes. Learn and find out the best crop partners and combinations. Planting tomatoes in between rows of eggplant will reduce fruit fly infestation on eggplant fruits. Growing marigold at the border of vegetable plots will also help repel some insect pests.<br />
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4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Insect traps, lure and attractants.<br />
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There are many practical and inexpensive ways of controling and managing the population of insects pests in your garden and fields. Here are some of them that you may adopt:<br />
a.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Light Traps - This practice have been found effective in unlighted areas. Light is provided with a basin of water. As the nocturnal insects are attracted to the light, they fly and dip into the water, or their wings are singed by the flame of the fire light.<br />
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b.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Lure with attractants – The lures derived from molasses and flower scent (odor), tantalize both male and female moths (the caterpillar adult stage) with the promise of nectar. The insects fly into the opening of a lure-dispensing trap, never to return.<br />
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c.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Chemical sex attractant – The use of PHEROMONE a chemical with female insect odor that confuses the male and attracts them to a bait treated with toxic insecticide or they fail to mate with the female insects.<br />
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d.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blue electric lamp surrounded with electrically charged mess wire that electrocutes insects upon contact.<br />
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e.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Yellow pads – Most insect pests are attracted to bright yellow color. Yellow pad with grease or paste, attract insects during the day and sticks to the pad as they come in contact. The pad may also be treated with molasses and pesticide to give added attractant and killing potential.<br />
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5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use of Biological Pest and Disease Control.<br />
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The use of living plant and animals or living organisms to control pest and diseases are called Biological Control. They may be microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, virus or bigger life forms like insects, worms, reptiles, mammal and birds. You can learn to increase the beneficial insects, microorganisms and other animal and plant life in your farms to counter pests and diseases harming your crops. Let us protect and increase these beneficial enemies of pests.<br />
6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use of Organic Fertilizer<br />
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Fertilizers coming from fermented and decomposed organic materials are very nutritious safe fertilizer materials. They both enrich the soil plant food nutrients, improves the texture for easier root growth and preserve the soil life such as beneficial bacteria and fungi. We have several recommended formula in preparing organic fertilizer both liquid and solid form in this handbook. <br />
7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Used of Organic Pest and Disease Control<br />
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Herbal preparations to control pest and diseases can easily be made by farmers themselves since we have abundant plants in the Philippines that are suitable ingredient.<br />
We offer you several formulations and methods of preparing Botanical or Herbal pest and diseases concoctions in this handbook to guide you make your own. <br />
8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use of indigenous resistant plant varieties and strain.<br />
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There are several plant varieties and species that are found resistant or tolerant to certain prevalent pest and diseases. It will be wise for farmers to know them and grow these type of plants specially during months or season that certain pest and diseases are abundant.<br />
9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Practice crop rotation and following (resting the soil for some time).<br />
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Crop rotation or changing crops grown in certain areas to avoid the buildup of certain pest or disease affecting certain crops. Example, rotating onions with pepper or cassava. Resting the soil for one to two years to allow natural vegetation and the growth of natural enemies to introduce balance of nature, while enriching your soil environment for future crop production.<br />
10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Growing and inter-cropping of pest repellant and herbal plants.<br />
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There are crops that repel certain insect pests. Intercropping tomato with cabbages and cauliflower will help reduce the diamondback moth attacking cabbages. Learn what these crop combinations. You will not only reduce your cost of pest and disease control but may even increase your income per unit area with the crop combination.<br />
11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Integrated cropping pattern to prevent growth of toxic weeds.<br />
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Certain weeds are difficult to remove or control, like grasses. Planting vines and crawling crops like sweet potato and cover crops will help suppress weeds. Replacing the weeds with other beneficial creeping plants like Arakis pintoy (mani-mani) that covers the spaces between fruit trees and help supply nitrogen to the soil.<br />
12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Growing the right crop on the right soil, climate and at the right time.<br />
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There are suitable crops that are ideal for certain season of the year and suitable soils for their healthy and productive growth. Learn the nature of the plants and their preferences before deciding what to grow in your farm. The Philippines is a located in the tropical zone, so ideal for tropical crops and not much for temperate crops. Let us learn the advantages we have by growing the right crops best suited to our land with good market demand. <br />
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Continued to <a href="http://humairafarm.blogspot.com/2012/10/organic-farming-part-3.html">PART 3</a></div>
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sumber : <a href="http://www.freewebs.com/organicfarmphil/introtonaturalfarming.htm">ORGANIC FARMING</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-47703715495276383922012-10-11T23:24:00.000-07:002012-10-12T00:11:03.813-07:00ORGANIC FARMING PART 1<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
<br />
We can grow healthful food without depending too much on toxic chemicals and chemical fertilizers with NATURAL ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL FARMING systems. The knowledge and simple but practical technology in this manuscript can save your crops and help you earn more from your garden and farm. Let’s return to the “Natural” ways. The growing market demand is for safe organically grown fruits and vegetables. <br />
It is not the intention of this paper to entirely eliminate the use of beneficial agricultural chemicals and fertilizers that help to suppress and control destructive pest and diseases and provide food nutrients to the plants. We also encourage the adoption of the latest improved technology and farming systems that are environmentally and ecologically friendly. We encourage farmers to adopt practical Integrated Pest Management (IPM)<br />
This paper will attempt to help and teach interested farmers adopt natural and practical farming systems that will reduce the use of costly and toxic agricultural chemicals and replace them with organic preparations the farmers themselves can produce and use. This can result to producing healthful organic food at lower cost with higher productivity as the soil and environment improves. This may be debatable, but possible and attainable.<br />
There is a worldwide shift for safe, chemical free food and a demand for organically grown food crops. The alarming increase in the use of toxic chemicals to control pests and diseases on both farm animals and plants has endangered the environment and reduce bio diversity as well as the health of consumers. We become too dependent like addicted people as the soil becomes poorer and insect pest become resistant to chemicals used.<br />
The world that we have created is dominated by a disregard for Nature and a greed that destroys for profit the environment, the ecosystem and the capacity of the land to produce without artificial human interventions. <br />
Useful insects and predators of pests are killed together with the insect pests with the wide and intensive use of toxic agricultural chemicals. The surviving pest finds no natural enemies, thus they increase rapidly resulting in more destructive infestation with more resistant pest to chemical control. We have to recognize the natural laws, governing and balance of nature, its biodiversity and life itself.<br />
These simplified guides can help farmers reduce their production cost and become self reliant with renewable crop protection products they can grow and formulate in their own farms, together with their commercial crops and livestock. They can also make their own fertilizers and soil amendments that will turn their land into productive farms. This can make farmers self reliant and self sustaining<br />
Through Natural Farming, we can feed the increasing population of the world with healthful food free from toxic chemical residue.<br />
NATURAL FARMING<br />
To understand natural farming we need to know the cycle of life and matter. Natural farming as we envision is learning nature’s laws, and using them with care. Take note:Natural Laws are the laws of God who created Nature.<br />
Natural farming is a culture where plants are grown in 100% natural environment with the least human interference and no harmful chemicals or synthetic products used. It is practically leaving the crops grow and produce in their natural environment, and man comes enhances the natural conditions to improve productivity. Then, harvest or gather its products for man’s use. However, in the context of our discussion, we will be introducing farming systems that will employ and apply more and more organic and biological farm practices.<br />
Dr. Saturnina Halos, an agricultural scientist says: “Strictly speaking, farming interferes with nature. There are a lot of human interventions in farming.” This is very true, and if we are not careful enough, we may totally lost natures’ resources and capacity to produce the food that our growing population needs. We seek to learn natural organic and biological farming to safeguard the environment and sustain its productive capability.<br />
While there is a growing demand for organically grown fruits and vegetables, it is difficult and almost impossible not to use chemical products to increase the production per unit area in a shorter period of time to meet the growing food demand of the increasing population. Besides plant roots and leaves can only absorb nutrients in their chemical form. Organic materials have first to be broken down into its basic chemical component to be utilized by plants. Synthetic chemical products being used in Agriculture were processed and synthesized from organic and/or mineral materials.<br />
Before life was created, matter first existed. In the beginning we have water, rocks, gases, light, solar energy, the earth and atmosphere. There was yet no life. (Read the Holy Scriptures ‘The Holy Bible’ Genesis on Creation). When the environment became ready, life began to appear in many forms from single cell to the complex form of plants and animals. We learn that evolution is God’s continuing process of creation.<br />
Matter on the other hand is never lost, it just change in form and substance from solid to liquid and gas and back to solid. From its mineral chemical form to organic compound and back to mineral and chemical. (Remember man that thou art dust and unto dust thou shall return.). Roots absorb nutrient in simple chemical form decomposed organic compounds have to be converted to chemical form and are absorbed by plants.<br />
Evolution as science discovers, life started in the waters in single cell microorganisms in animal and plant form. In ages and millennium the seed of life developed into higher forms as we see them today. Together with life or biological progression, weathering of the environment prepared the development of ecological diversity. So even at our time, we witness the continuing process of creation and evolution of new varieties and forms of life. <br />
Man with his God given intellect is an instrument in the development through the science of breeding and lately genetic engineering and cloning. Man’s technological advances are still following natural laws, which without that, it will be impossible. <br />
If we observe the growth and vegetation of natural forests, we will notice the healthy growth of trees, shrubs, grass and other forest vegetation. The soil is fertile, rich in organic humus and there is very limited pest and disease damage. Animal life, also abound from microorganisms like bacteria, fungus to worms, reptiles, birds and mammals.<br />
The plants and animals have grown in their natural environment without interference of man. They may not be as productive as we wish them to be, but we can learn from their growth, survival and production in their natural habitat. Ecological and biological diversity can be observed existing and living in harmony.<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The soil is kept fertile with the leaves, branches and other plant parts that mature and drop to the soil surface are decomposed with the aid of bacteria, fungi and other minute organisms that eat and digest them up with moisture (water). This results to the buildup of humus and organic fertilizer, which break down into simple chemical form rich in readily available plant nutrients for roots to absorb.<br />
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o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Beneficial microorganisms abound in the fertile organic rich soil that help both in the decomposition of organic materials and suppress or control the spread and multiplication of pests and diseases. Probiotics or beneficial microorganisms help suppress and control the growth of disease causing microbes (bacteria, fungus and virus) and even soil born pests like nematodes and insects.<br />
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o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Insect pests are kept down as both destructive and friendly insects are balancing their population in their natural habitat. This control the buildup of insect infestation is a continued process when left to their natural estate. Example of these are: the use of Trichogramma ostriniae against corn corer and Braconidae or Braconid Wasps which parasitize other arthropods. Braconid wasps can be endo- or ecto-parasite, solitary or living in groups as primary or secondary parasites. Different species may attack every stage of an insect development; there are braconids that are egg parasites, larval parasites, and parasites of pupae and adult insects. Many parasites are valuable as biological control of pests.<br />
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o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Big and tall trees protect the soil and other living organisms beneath from too much heat and inclement weather conditions. Soil erosion and depletion is minimized or totally prevented. Trees serve as umbrella in forest and natural habitat. Tree planting in certain sections of the farm is advisable and encouraged. Keep and grow spots of mini forest in your farm to preserve and protect the environment and eco system for the habitation of bio diversity.<br />
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o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The environment is preserved as bio-diversity is protected in natural forest vegetation where man has not set its foot on. All of creation and living things have a purpose and role. Herbal and medicinal plants have been destroyed and eliminated with the past century of clearing and cultivating lands for agriculture and crop production.<br />
<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Zero tillage is propagating plants without the artificial means of cultivation. Plants and seeds are spread by growth of rhizomes, vines, carried by wind, water and birds. Modern natural farming systems can learn much from nature’s way of propagating and preserving its species even without the usual land clearing and land preparation involving digging, plowing and harrowing.<br />
<br />
o<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Following is a farming practice by ancient farmers up to the 50s where the land is made to rest for a year or two to allow nature to rejuvenate it and enrich the soil fertility and productive capacity. Resting the soil for one year after six years of crop production. Today, this is less practiced due to the limited farming areas. Farmlands are chopped down by CARP into small lots 3 hectares and smaller. Farmers need to make them produce continually without resting, so artificial methods are done to keep it producing using chemical and organic fertilizers.<br />
<br />
To adopt natural farming system, we have to understand how the ecosystem responds to man’s interventions. The moment we clear the land, remove the protective trees and cultivate the soil, we have destroyed the natural environment and the existing eco-system and bio-diversity. The lesser we destroy or remove the natural environment; the closer we get into natural farming.<br />
However, we can gradually return to natural ways by learning the natural laws governing plant and animal propagation, growth and production. <br />
Some practices now being done and promoted as natural farming practices:<br />
1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Zero cultivation and following, allowing the soil to rest and rejuvenate.<br />
2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Integrated Pest Management (IPM).<br />
3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Insect traps, lure and attractants.<br />
4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use of Biological pest control (natural enemies of pest)<br />
5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use of Organic Compost fertilizer and bio micro inoculant.<br />
6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use of Organic Pest and Disease control materials.<br />
7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use of indigenous resistant plant varieties and strain.<br />
8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Practice crop rotation and following (resting the soil for some time).<br />
9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Growing and inter-cropping of pest repellant and herbal plants.<br />
10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Integrated cropping pattern to prevent growth of toxic weeds.<br />
11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Growing the right crop on the right soil, climate and at the right time.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
continued to....<a href="http://humairafarm.blogspot.com/2012/10/organic-farming-part-2.html">PART 2</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
sumber : <a href="http://www.freewebs.com/organicfarmphil/introtonaturalfarming.htm">ORGANIC FARMING</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-21721288918156578362012-10-10T21:53:00.000-07:002015-07-19T10:01:56.917-07:00BAGAIMANA MENYIAPKAN lacto BASILLAI ANDA SENDIRI<br />
<h2>
BAGAIMANA MENYIAPKAN lacto BASILLAI ANDA SENDIRI</h2>
<br />
Lacto BASILLAI adalah salah satu mikroorganisme yang menguntungkan yang disebut pro-biotik. Ini membantu dalam mogok dari serat selulosa dan mengubah bahan organik menjadi humus dan pupuk. Memproduksi stok basil lacto Anda sendiri dapat dengan mudah melakukan dengan menggunakan prosedur berikut:<br />
<br />
1. Gunakan mencuci beras atau biji-bijian halus didasarkan campuran sebaiknya beras merah dalam air.<br />
2. Tempatkan dalam baskom plastik yang luas dan mencakup longgar untuk memungkinkan ventilasi.<br />
3. Biarkan memfermentasi selama 7 hari. Bakteri termasuk basil lacto di udara akan menginfeksi larutan.<br />
4. Saring cairan dan dalam wadah plastik yang lebih besar.<br />
5. Tambahkan 10 bagian susu (skim, bubuk, kental atau segar) Susu adalah pakan terbaik untuk basil lacto akan berkembang biak dengan cepat dan tumbuh terlalu cepat bakteri lainnya dalam larutan. .<br />
6. Tutup longgar untuk memungkinkan ventilasi dan fermentasi selama satu minggu.<br />
7. The kapar terdiri dari lemak, karbohidrat dan protein mengandung basil lacto.<br />
8. Scoop kapar dan bercampur dengan bahan pangan atau pakan. Sebuah cairan berwarna kuning akan membentuk mengandung konsentrasi besar basil lacto.<br />
9. Simpan dalam suhu pendingin atau ruang.<br />
10. Campurkan cairan dalam jumlah yang sama moscovado, gula merah atau molase.<br />
11. Campurkan larutan stok dalam 20 bagian air. Gunakan untuk menjadi kompos dengan bahan.<br />
12. Dosis: Gunakan 2-4 sendok makan. per galon air dan semprot untuk tanaman.<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-71213089722829014272012-10-10T21:42:00.002-07:002012-10-10T21:42:55.197-07:00CARA MEMBUAT KOMPOS<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
CARA MEMBUAT KOMPOS</h2>
<h3>
Metode sandwich:</h3>
<br />
a. Bahan organik seperti kotoran hewan, limbah pabrik dan humus ditempatkan dalam lapisan satu di atas yang lain sampai mereka mencapai tinggi 3 meter.<br />
b. Materi yang disiram lembab dan ditutupi dengan daun kelapa atau lembaran plastik agar kelembaban akan dipertahankan.<br />
c. Campur pil kompos setelah dua minggu, lembab dan tutup lagi.<br />
d. Ulangi pencampuran seminggu sekali, sampai bahan kompos yang benar-benar terurai dengan penampilan tanah.<br />
e. Kering di bawah sinar matahari langsung untuk membunuh atau menghilangkan mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan seperti jamur dan bakteri.<br />
f. Bahan ini sekarang siap untuk digunakan atau ditempatkan dalam karung untuk penyimpanan atau pengiriman.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Biologi cepat kompos:</h3>
<br />
a. Mengumpulkan bahan organik, memotong atau hammer mill dan aduk rata.<br />
b. Air mereka basah dengan pro-biotik mikroorganisme (lactobacilli atau Trichoderma) dicampur dalam air.<br />
b. Tutup tumpukan kompos dengan lembaran plastik.<br />
c. Campur bahan setiap minggu.<br />
d. Ini biasanya akan mengambil hanya 4 minggu untuk benar-benar membusuk materi dengan bantuan mikroorganisme yang membantu mencerna bahan selulosa.<br />
e. Sundry bahan organik terurai (pupuk) untuk membunuh mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan.<br />
f. Bahan ini sekarang siap untuk digunakan atau mengantongi untuk penyimpanan atau pengiriman.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Lapangan kompos:</h3>
<br />
a. Setelah panen dan sebelum membajak dan persiapan lahan, mengumpulkan bahan organik, memotong atau hammer mill.<br />
b. Menyebarkan materi merata di lapangan. Dalam kasus sisa tanaman limbah berada di lapangan, maka langkah a. tidak akan diperlukan.<br />
c. Semprotkan bahan organik di lapangan dengan pro-biotik mikroorganisme.<br />
d. Membajak dan disk harrow lapangan untuk mencampur bahan organik dengan tanah.<br />
e. Jika memungkinkan melakukan operasi di atas hanya sebelum hujan diharapkan atau mengairi lapangan setelah membajak budidaya. Hal ini akan memungkinkan mikroorganisme untuk bekerja cepat, dan berkembang biak. Dalam prosesnya, mencerna bahan organik menjadi pupuk organik atau amandemen tanah.<br />
<br />
Perhatikan bahwa pro-biotik organisme akan terus bekerja di tanah, asalkan kondisi yang menguntungkan seperti kelembaban tanah yang memadai dan adanya bahan organik.<br />
<br />
<h4>
Langkah-langkah dalam pengomposan dengan bunga matahari liar:</h4>
<br />
1. Carilah daerah yang cocok, sebagian atau seluruhnya berbayang.<br />
2. Mengumpulkan bahan kompos seperti jerami padi, pupuk kandang, dan limbah pertanian lainnya.<br />
3. Kumpulkan bunga matahari liar dan memotong batang muda dan daun menjadi potongan-potongan kecil.<br />
4. Tetap bambu dengan lubang untuk melayani sebagai ventilator dari tumpukan kompos.<br />
5. Tanaman tumpukan residu dan limbah pertanian di urutan berikut: jerami padi, bunga matahari, pupuk kandang, tanah dan ulangi layering. Proporsi: 2-3 bagian bunga matahari segar, 1 bagian jerami padi, pupuk kandang 2 bagian dan 1 bagian tanah.<br />
6. Air tumpukan sampai tercampur basah.<br />
7. Tutup tumpukan dengan daun, karung atau lembaran plastik untuk meminimalkan penguapan.<br />
8. Periksa kelembaban setiap 2 hari, dan basah dalam kasus kompos kering.<br />
9. Periksa juga suhu. Jika hangat, maka dekomposisi berlangsung.<br />
10. Setelah 3 sampai 4 minggu, periksa tumpukan compose dan jika itu telah berubah menjadi humus tanah bentuk fisik kemungkinan besar matang.<br />
11. Dalam hal compose tidak akan secara langsung dapat digunakan, udara kering sebelum menempatkan ke dalam karung atau di tempat kering yang teduh.<br />
<br />
Petani didorong untuk menerapkan cara-cara sederhana dan murah untuk memproduksi pupuk organik melalui penggunaan teknologi asli. Mereka mungkin mengadopsi metode lain kompos dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan lain dan limbah tanaman yang tersedia di peternakan masing-masing.<br />
<br />
source : <a href="http://www.freewebs.com/">www.freewebs.com</a><br />
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-29211803077910296502012-10-10T00:22:00.000-07:002012-10-10T00:22:11.657-07:00System pemasangan pipa Fertigasi<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGtstQmTlhuWzVdZ0ZhOUv1jxyRQfc-mL8B5OTb6WdIqAzynOl0hyRPdNpG1qFMJ5cQFOL82HGMF-nnv43DZ8nXYYzDncj3oeZDhkT0Y3y1ZJot3A7PEEq0FEX00wF3VHkvdpWjnOuy8/s1600/pipa+fertigasi+-+humaira+farm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGtstQmTlhuWzVdZ0ZhOUv1jxyRQfc-mL8B5OTb6WdIqAzynOl0hyRPdNpG1qFMJ5cQFOL82HGMF-nnv43DZ8nXYYzDncj3oeZDhkT0Y3y1ZJot3A7PEEq0FEX00wF3VHkvdpWjnOuy8/s640/pipa+fertigasi+-+humaira+farm.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Salah satu contoh system pemasangan pipa fertigasi untuk kapasitas 1000 polybag</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-37464352469665012922012-10-09T06:31:00.001-07:002012-10-14T01:51:12.108-07:00BAJA CAIR ORGANIK IMO<br />
<h2>
BAJA CAIR ORGANIK IMO</h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb9YaknENeTBsdmXowLmJyV4QQNJNcbuhD3z3-AxBJ38FSMpkaj0-Vsnf95FE8I75mziitg-qRNnAZ8tR2u_R9CS_o-XXV-Q2CMDjcuHFdwl8ZONT5H1w6lqXMkFG2gyVOYuXIwW1-guc/s1600/biofertilizer-humairafarm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb9YaknENeTBsdmXowLmJyV4QQNJNcbuhD3z3-AxBJ38FSMpkaj0-Vsnf95FE8I75mziitg-qRNnAZ8tR2u_R9CS_o-XXV-Q2CMDjcuHFdwl8ZONT5H1w6lqXMkFG2gyVOYuXIwW1-guc/s320/biofertilizer-humairafarm.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Untuk pembaikan pokok sebagai tambahan kesuburan dan ketahanan penyakit , baja cecair organik buleh di gunakan sebagai foliar spray dan juga siraman pada media, unsur baja yang terdapat dengan bantuan microbes IMO memudahkan di serap oleh daun dan akar, microbes yang terkandung dan bahan2 lain sebagai anti penyakit di gunakan sebagai pencegahan penyakit pokok.Bahan untuk membuat baja organik atau biofertilizer spt berikut: Kadar bahan bergantung banyak mana nak di gunakan, jadi kita buleh ganda atau kurangkan ikut kadar yang di tetapkan.<br />
<br />
1. Air kencing lembu 5 lit atau kalu air kencing sendiri pun buleh atau kombinasi, kalau tak ada buleh gunakan air baja organik pelet jenis yang baik spt Super Green Organic Fertilizer keluaran Twin Arrow Organic S/B, 1 lit di perap 2 malam dalam 5 lit air ( ganti air kencing atau campuran keduanya).<br />
2. Setengah ( 1/2) lit air tebu fresh<br />
3. 1 lit air gula merah dari 1 cawan gula merah<br />
4. 5 lit air kelapa tua ( tadah kat pat proses santan),<br />
5. 2 lit air basuhan beras ( perap 1 malam)<br />
6. 100ml EM pure atau 200ml campuran FPJ,FFJ,FAA atau IMO2 atau 1 lit AACT pure atau 50-100gm Plantbact<br />
7. 250gm setiap satu : lengkuas, halia, kunyit, temu lawak, cekur ( option), daun mamboo ( campur buah pun buleh)<br />
8. 50gm kulit kayu manis dan 100 gm batang wali<br />
9. 250gm serbuk ikan ( buleh gunakan kepala ikan bilis yang hancur2 tu )<br />
10. jika ada rumpai laut fresh atau kering b uleh di campur sekadar 1 cawan yang di blender.<br />
11. untuk tambahan Ca, buleh gunakan kulit telur kisar halus, atau kulit kerang bakar dan kisar.<br />
<br />
kesemua bahan kasar tu di kisar atau tumbuk lumat, masukan dalam tong ( buleh gunakan tong sampah bertutup) masukan bahan cecair lain dan kacau biar serata dan sebati, peraplah selama 3-4 minggu, 2 atau 3 hari sekali kacau supaya serata.Penggunaannya, di tapis untuk dapatkan stok baja dan simpan dalam bekas ditutp longgar,<br />
Untuk foliar gunakan 1:20 ( cek EC supaya tidak melebihi 2 ) dan untuk siraman 1:30, gunakan setiap 7-10 hari sekali sebagi pembajaan dan juga melawan penyakit secara NF.<br />
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<br />
<h2>
BAJA ORGANIK UNTUK FOLIAR</h2>
<br />
Formula ni di gunakan secara meluas di mexico dalam NF mereka, feedback dari mereka amat baik.Penyediaannya agak simple, menggunakan bahan yang mudah,gunakan tong biru 200 lit yang ada tutup kedap udara.<br />
<br />
<h3>
BAHAN A</h3>
Bahan asas:<br />
50 lit tahi lembu fresh ( kalu ada orang sembeleh ambil rumput separa hadam dari perut ( rumen) lembu 50 lit ( agak2 lah).<br />
<br />
2 kg rock dust di jadikan serbuk halus ( kalu ada zeolite terbaik...di tumbuk hancur halus )<br />
<br />
2 kg abu dari pembakaran kayu ( bukan arang tapi debu abu)<br />
<br />
1 kg serbuk kelp > kalu tak ada gunakan rumpai laut fresh 3kg atau kering 1 kg di kisar halus)<br />
<br />
100 lit air tanpa klorin<br />
<br />
<h3>
BAHAN B</h3>
50 lit air tanpa klorin<br />
<br />
2 lit susu fresh ( kalu buleh dari perahan asli ...nak kena beli ngan benggali)<br />
<br />
2 lit molasses atau gula merah 3 kg di cairkan 2 lit air<br />
<br />
500 gm serbuk ragi ( yang buat tapai ) atau buleh guna yeast -( yang buat roti) di blender hancur ngan 2 cawan air.<br />
<br />
1/2 lit sourdough ( bancuhkan air ngan tepung gandum dan sedikit ragi perap satu malam)<br />
<br />
<h3>
cara buat:</h3>
<br />
dalam bekas besar ( tong sampah besar) masukan 50 lit air, campur susu, campur gula merah cair, campur ragi dan campur sour dough,kacau rata2 sampai sebati.<br />
untuk Bahan B masukan 50 lit tahi lembu dalam tong biru yang berisi 100lit airmasukan rockdust, abu kayu, dan rumpai laut, kacau biar sebati.opsen>>>>buleh gunakan serbuk kulit telur atau kerang 1/2 lit untuk dapatkan Ca, buleh tambah juga serbuk tulang 1/2 lit, darah lembu atau ayam 1/2- 1 lit, hampas soya 1 lit, ikan cincang atau perut ikan atau buangan ikan blender 1 lit ) ---opsen tu idea saya sendiri untuk tambahbaikan nutrients ).Campurkan bahan dari bancuhan B kedalam tong bancuhan A, kacau biar sebati dan serata semua.biarkan ada ruang paling kurang 6 inci dari penutup tong dan bahan.<br />
Pada penutup drum, tebuk lubang dan pasangakan soket ( buleh guna L shape 16mm tube connector dan ruber goumet,) gunakan tube 16mm sambung kat connector, hujung satu tu masukan dalam botol mineral 1 lit di isi 1/2 air, biarkan ujung tube tenggelam dalam air, dan gantung botol tu lebih tinggi sikit dari drum, bila gas dari tong keluar, ia akan di lepaskan dalam air, jadi tak ada udara luar masuk.tutup drum biat ketat dan kedap udaraBiarkan fermentasi selama 2-3 bulan...lagi lama lagi baik, macam wine lahnak guna kacau dan tapis, campuran 1:30 untuk foliar spray dan 1:50 untuk siram media<br />
<br />
created by <a href="http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1712104492">muhammad abdul rahman</a> at <a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/1magro/">1malaysia fertigation group</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-40554183773680602912012-10-07T17:11:00.001-07:002012-10-07T17:11:50.701-07:00Kekurangan Magnesium (Mg)<br />
Kekurangan Magnesium (Mg) adalah gangguan tanaman merugikan yang terjadi paling sering pada asam kuat, ringan, tanah berpasir, di mana magnesium dapat dengan mudah tercuci pergi. Magnesium merupakan makronutrien penting yang ditemukan dari bahan kering 0,2-0,4% dan diperlukan untuk tanaman yang normal pertumbuhan.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij9j-RtfgzsBgyre85vJTsxiEmzjzwNuJvcgZrrEi2CquDeuqk53QUxTrEHBGyEFbK3I1mF6RrF5yhjJH8AL2ifgVe7sJpF99VGlEgOUky8MmjixYG5jdzadC1Igp7U2GJy4lEszVR5TU/s1600/Kekurangan+Magnesium+%2528Mg%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij9j-RtfgzsBgyre85vJTsxiEmzjzwNuJvcgZrrEi2CquDeuqk53QUxTrEHBGyEFbK3I1mF6RrF5yhjJH8AL2ifgVe7sJpF99VGlEgOUky8MmjixYG5jdzadC1Igp7U2GJy4lEszVR5TU/s400/Kekurangan+Magnesium+%2528Mg%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<h3>
Sebuah pabrik dengan defisiensi magnesium</h3>
Kelebihan kalium , umumnya karena pupuk, lanjut memperburuk stres dari kekurangan magnesium.<br />
Magnesium memiliki peranan penting dalam fotosintesis karena bentuk atom sentral klorofil . Oleh karena itu, tanpa jumlah yang cukup dari magnesium, tanaman mulai menurunkan klorofil pada daun tua. Hal ini menyebabkan gejala utama kekurangan magnesium, klorosis , atau menguning antara urat daun, yang tetap hijau, daun memberikan penampilan marmer. Karena sifat ponsel magnesium, tanaman pertama akan memecah klorofil dalam daun tua dan transportasi Mg ke daun muda yang memiliki kebutuhan fotosintesis yang lebih besar. Oleh karena itu, tanda pertama dari kekurangan magnesium adalah klorosis daun tua yang berkembang ke daun muda sebagai kekurangan terus. Magnesium juga merupakan aktivator enzim yang diperlukan untuk kritis, termasuk karboksilase ribulosbiphosphate ( RuBisCO ) dan karboksilase phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP ), kedua enzim penting dalam fiksasi karbon . Dengan demikian jumlah rendah Mg menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas fotosintesis dan enzimatik dalam tanaman. Magnesium juga penting dalam menstabilkan ribosom struktur, maka, kurangnya magnesium menyebabkan depolimerisasi ribosom mengarah ke pra-dewasa penuaan tanaman. Setelah kekurangan magnesium berkepanjangan, nekrosis dan menjatuhkan daun tua terjadi. Tanaman kekurangan magnesium juga memproduksi lebih kecil, buah woodier.<br />
Kekurangan magnesium dapat bingung dengan seng atau klorin kekurangan, virus, atau penuaan alami karena semua memiliki gejala yang sama. Menambahkan garam Epsom (diencerkan menjadi 8,5 oz per 2,2 gal.. Air) atau kapur dolomit hancur ke tanah dapat memperbaiki kekurangan magnesium. Untuk solusi yang lebih organik, menerapkan buatan mulsa kompos dapat mencegah pencucian selama curah hujan yang berlebihan dan menyediakan tanaman dengan jumlah yang cukup nutrisi, termasuk magnesium.<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-46044281621936214242012-10-07T17:03:00.002-07:002012-10-07T17:03:51.398-07:00Kekurangan Micronutrient <br />
Sebuah defisiensi mikronutrien (atau jejak kekurangan mineral) adalah gangguan fisiologis tanaman yang terjadi ketika sebuah mikronutrien kekurangan di tanah di mana tanaman tumbuh. Mikronutrien dibedakan dari macronutrients (seperti nitrogen , fosfor , dan kalium ) oleh jumlah yang relatif rendah yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman. Ini juga merupakan gangguan fisiologis manusia yang terjadi ketika diet seseorang tidak mengandung nutrisi yang diperlukan dan / atau ketika penyakit (seperti diare atau malaria) menyebabkan cepat hilangnya nutrisi melalui kotoran atau muntah. [1] diobati, sub-klinis kekurangan dapat bermanifestasi sebagai cacat fisik yang serius atau gangguan yang mengancam nyawa, seperti Beri-beri (tiamin defisiensi), kudis (vitamin C) atau xerophthalmia (vitamin A).<br />
Sejumlah elemen yang diketahui dibutuhkan dalam jumlah kecil untuk pertumbuhan tanaman yang tepat dan pembangunan.<br />
Kekurangan gizi di daerah-daerah dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Beberapa yang paling terkenal mineral kekurangan meliputi: defisiensi boron , kekurangan kalsium , kekurangan zat besi , kekurangan magnesium , dan kekurangan mangan .<br />
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<h3>
Daftar mineral penting untuk tanaman</h3>
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<ol>
<li><a href="http://humairafarm.blogspot.com/2012/10/kekurangan-boron-b.html">Boron</a> diyakini terlibat dalam transportasi karbohidrat dalam tanaman, tetapi juga membantu dalam regulasi metabolisme.</li>
<li>Kalsium</li>
<li>Klorin diperlukan untuk osmosis dan keseimbangan ion, tetapi juga memainkan peran dalam fotosintesis .</li>
<li>Cobalt adalah penting untuk kesehatan tanaman. Cobalt diperkirakan menjadi katalis penting dalam fiksasi nitrogen. Ini mungkin perlu ditambahkan ke beberapa tanah sebelum kacang-kacangan penyemaian.</li>
<li>Tembaga merupakan komponen dari beberapa enzim dan vitamin A. Gejala defisiensi tembaga meliputi mencokelatkan ujung daun dan klorosis.</li>
<li>Besi sangat penting untuk sintesis klorofil, itulah sebabnya mengapa hasil defisiensi besi pada klorosis .</li>
<li>Mangan mengaktifkan beberapa enzim penting yang terlibat dalam klorofil formasi. Tanaman kekurangan mangan akan mengembangkan klorosis antara urat daunnya. Ketersediaan mangan sebagian tergantung pada pH tanah.</li>
<li>Molibdenum sangat penting untuk kesehatan tanaman. Molibdenum digunakan oleh tanaman untuk mengurangi nitrat ke dalam bentuk yang dapat digunakan. Beberapa tanaman menggunakannya untuk fiksasi nitrogen, sehingga mungkin perlu ditambahkan ke beberapa tanah sebelum kacang-kacangan penyemaian.</li>
<li>Nikel</li>
<li>Sulfur</li>
<li>Zinc berpartisipasi dalam pembentukan klorofil, dan juga mengaktifkan enzim banyak. Gejala defisiensi zinc termasuk klorosis dan pertumbuhan terhambat.</li>
</ol>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-44714697193084703702012-10-07T16:57:00.000-07:002012-10-07T16:57:39.238-07:00Salt Damage Poor Water Quality<br />
<h4>
gejala:</h4>
<br />
Kelebihan garam terakumulasi dalam tanaman tomat dalam daun yang lebih tua. Daun menguning, dan akhirnya akan jatuh. Tanaman ini terhambat dan tidak kuat, tetapi gejala lain mungkin kurang. Tomat relatif toleran garam.<br />
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<h3>
pengendalian:</h3>
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Kerusakan garam jarang ditemui dalam situasi lapangan kecuali di bawah situasi air yang sangat miskin kualitas. Kerusakan garam dapat menjadi masalah dalam budaya pot atau hidroponik. Pilih varietas toleran garam.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-74705086488023576742012-10-07T16:47:00.001-07:002012-10-07T16:47:20.442-07:00Kekurangan Fosfor (Phosphorus Deficiency)<br />
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">gejala:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Kekurangan Fosfor yang paling sering dinyatakan sebagai purpling dari daun, khususnya vena daun. Dalam kasus yang parah seluruh tanaman dapat mengambil rona ungu. Tomat akar yang tumbuh di tanah yang dingin, baik di rumah kaca atau lapangan, posfor buruk. Tanaman kekurangan kehilangan semangat dan menghasilkan buruk.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">pengendalian:</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Sementara fosfor kekurangan karena kesuburan yang tidak tepat dapat menjadi masalah di hidroponik, pot budaya, dan beberapa kondisi tanah berpasir, kemungkinan besar akibat suhu dingin zona akar. Mulsa plastik akan meringankan masalah dalam penanaman lapangan awal, dan pupuk pakan yang seimbang cair akan meringankan masalah dalam rumah kaca dan pot budaya.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-92109849379125845172012-10-06T01:47:00.000-07:002012-10-06T01:47:53.226-07:00Penambatan nitrogen<br />
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Adalah proses dimana nitrogen (N 2) di atmosfer diubah menjadi amonia (NH 3). Nitrogen atmosfer atau nitrogen elemental (N 2) relatif lembam (diam/malas): tidak mudah bereaksi dengan bahan kimia lainnya untuk membentuk senyawa baru. Proses Penambatan membebaskan atom nitrogen dari bentuk diatomik mereka (N 2) yang akan digunakan dengan cara lain.<br />
Penambatan nitrogen, alami dan sintetis, sangat penting bagi semua bentuk kehidupan karena nitrogen diperlukan untuk biosynthesize blok bangunan dasar dari tanaman, hewan dan bentuk kehidupan lainnya, misalnya, nukleotida untuk DNA dan RNA dan asam amino untuk protein . Oleh karena Penambatan nitrogen sangat penting untuk pertanian dan pembuatan pupuk. Ini juga merupakan proses penting dalam pembuatan bahan peledak (misalnya mesiu , dinamit , TNT , dll). Penambatan nitrogen terjadi secara alami di udara dengan cara kilat.<br />
Penambatan nitrogen juga mengacu pada konversi biologis lainnya nitrogen, seperti konversi untuk nitrogen dioksida . Mikroorganisme yang dapat memperbaiki Nitrogen dalam tanah adalah bakteri yang disebut Diazotrophs . Beberapa tanaman yang lebih tinggi, dan beberapa binatang ( rayap ), telah membentuk asosiasi ( simbiosis ) dengan Diazotrophs. Penambatan nitrogen biologis ditemukan oleh ahli agronomi Jerman Hermann Hellriegel dan Belanda mikrobiologi Martinus Beijerinck .<br />
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Penambatan nitrogen Biologi<br />
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Skema representasi dari siklus nitrogen . </div>
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<h3>
Penambatan nitrogen abiotik telah dihilangkan.</h3>
<br />
Penambatan nitrogen biologis (BNF) terjadi ketika atmosfer nitrogen diubah menjadi amonia oleh enzim yang disebut nitrogenase .Reaksi untuk BNF adalah:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4rIb5Z-f3cXn9EqVkabIVlPq-4FG7KZRG3Hbw4rQOp0e4BfQ9UJ8oGSDnd530dG1CNmgmzBk2vWBRj-LVVDAHIgWycf0C_vkof1y0ck-_MlZDlMc1_maNiOwlsJqGWJMsfwx40KFiH9o/s1600/nuto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="48" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4rIb5Z-f3cXn9EqVkabIVlPq-4FG7KZRG3Hbw4rQOp0e4BfQ9UJ8oGSDnd530dG1CNmgmzBk2vWBRj-LVVDAHIgWycf0C_vkof1y0ck-_MlZDlMc1_maNiOwlsJqGWJMsfwx40KFiH9o/s320/nuto.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Proses ini digabungkan dengan hidrolisis 16 ekivalen ATP dan disertai dengan pembentukan co-dari satu molekul H 2. Dalam hidup bebas Diazotrophs, amonium nitrogenase yang dihasilkan adalah berasimilasi ke dalam glutamat melalui sintetase glutamin jalur / glutamat sintase.<br />
Enzim yang bertanggung jawab untuk tindakan nitrogenase sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan oleh oksigen. Banyak bakteri berhenti produksi dari enzim di hadapan oksigen. Banyak nitrogen organisme hanya ada dalam kondisi anaerob, bernapas untuk menarik ke bawah kadar oksigen, atau mengikat oksigen dengan protein seperti leghemoglobin.<br />
<br />
Mikroorganisme yang fix nitrogen (Diazotrophs)<br />
Artikel utama: Diazotrof<br />
<br />
Cyanobacteria<br />
Hijau belerang bakteri<br />
Azotobacteraceae<br />
Rhizobia<br />
Frankia<br />
<br />
Penambatan nitrogen oleh rhizobia dan frankia<br />
Rhizobia adalah Gram-negatif dengan kemampuan untuk membentuk N 2-fixing simbiosis pada akar kacang-kacangan, dan pada batang dari beberapa kacang-kacangan air. Selama ini bakteroid interaksi, seperti rhizobia disebut di negara simbiosis, yang terkandung dalam kompartemen intraseluler dalam organ khusus, nodul , di mana mereka memperbaiki N 2. Demikian pula, Frankia , Gram-positif bakteri tanah menginduksi pembentukan nitrogen-fixing nodul pada tanaman actinorhizal .<br />
Nitrogen Penambatan oleh cyanobacteria<br />
Cyanobacteria mendiami hampir semua lingkungan diterangi di Bumi dan memainkan peran kunci dalam karbon dan nitrogen siklus dari biosfer . Secara umum, cyanobacteria dapat memanfaatkan berbagai sumber organik dan anorganik gabungan nitrogen, seperti nitrat , nitrit , amonium , urea , atau beberapa asam amino . Strain cyanobacterial Beberapa juga mampu diazotrophic pertumbuhan, kemampuan yang mungkin telah hadir di nenek moyang terakhir bersama mereka di Archaean . Genome sequencing telah memberikan sejumlah besar informasi tentang dasar genetik dari metabolisme nitrogen dan kontrol dalam berbagai cyanobacteria. genomik Perbandingan , bersama dengan studi fungsional, telah menyebabkan kemajuan yang signifikan dalam bidang ini selama beberapa tahun terakhir. 2-Oxoglutarate telah berubah menjadi molekul sinyal pusat mencerminkan keseimbangan karbon / nitrogen cyanobacteria. Pemain pusat kontrol nitrogen adalah transkripsi faktor global yang NtcA, yang mengontrol ekspresi gen yang terlibat dalam metabolisme nitrogen, serta P II protein signaling, yang menyempurnakan kegiatan selular dalam menanggapi perubahan C / N kondisi. Kedua protein adalah sensor dari tingkat 2-oxoglutarate seluler dan telah dilestarikan dalam semua cyanobacteria. Sebaliknya, adaptasi kelaparan nitrogen melibatkan respon heterogen dalam strain yang berbeda. [6] Nitrogen Penambatan oleh cyanobacteria dalam terumbu karang dapat memperbaiki dua kali jumlah nitrogen dari pada lahan sekitar 1,8 kg nitrogen adalah tetap per hektar per hari.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-82778676744310827902012-10-05T18:50:00.000-07:002012-10-05T18:50:04.336-07:00Kekurangan Nitrogen <br />
<h2>
Kekurangan Nitrogen </h2>
<br />
Ini adalah tentang senyawa nitrogen dalam nutrisi tanaman. Untuk kekurangan senyawa nitrogen dalam nutrisi manusia dan hewan.<br />
Semua tanaman membutuhkan pasokan yang cukup dari macronutrients untuk pertumbuhan yang sehat, dan nitrogen (N) adalah nutrisi yang umumnya dalam persediaan terbatas. Nitrogen kekurangan tanaman dapat terjadi ketika bahan organik dengan kandungan karbon tinggi, seperti serbuk gergaji , ditambahkan ke tanah . Organisme tanah menggunakan nitrogen apapun untuk memecah sumber karbon, membuat N tersedia bagi tanaman. Ini dikenal sebagai "merampok" tanah nitrogen. Semua sayuran selain nitrogen memperbaiki legum rentan terhadap gangguan ini.<br />
Kekurangan Nitrogen dapat dicegah dalam jangka pendek dengan menggunakan mowings rumput sebagai mulsa , atau makan daun dengan pupuk kandang , dan dalam jangka panjang dengan membangun tingkat bahan organik dalam tanah. Menabur pupuk hijau tanaman seperti gandum penggembalaan untuk menutupi tanah selama musim dingin akan membantu untuk mencegah pencucian nitrogen, sedangkan pupuk hijau polongan seperti ilalang musim dingin akan memperbaiki nitrogen tambahan dari atmosfer.<br />
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<h3>
Deteksi</h3>
<br />
Gejala visual kekurangan nitrogen berarti bahwa hal itu dapat relatif mudah untuk mendeteksi pada beberapa spesies tanaman. Gejala meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman yang buruk, dan daun yang hijau pucat atau kuning karena mereka tidak dapat membuat klorofil yang cukup. Daun di negara ini dikatakan klorotik . Daun yang lebih rendah (daun tua) menunjukkan gejala pertama, karena tanaman akan bergerak nitrogen dari jaringan yang lebih tua untuk lebih muda yang penting. Namun demikian, tanaman dilaporkan menunjukkan gejala defisiensi nitrogen pada bagian yang berbeda. Misalnya Nitrogen kekurangan teh diidentifikasi oleh pertumbuhan tunas terbelakang dan menguning daun muda.<br />
Namun, gejala-gejala fisik juga dapat disebabkan oleh tekanan lain banyak, seperti kekurangan nutrisi lainnya, toksisitas, cedera herbisida, penyakit, kerusakan serangga atau kondisi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, kekurangan nitrogen yang paling andal dideteksi dengan melakukan tes kuantitatif di samping untuk menilai tanaman gejala visual. Tes ini meliputi tes tanah dan uji jaringan tanaman .<br />
<br />
<br />
Dengan mengukur klorofil konten kekurangan Nitrogen dapat dideteksi. Tanaman tes jaringan destruktif sampel tanaman bunga. Namun, kekurangan nitrogen juga dapat dideteksi non-destruktif dengan mengukur kandungan klorofil.<br />
<br />
Klorofil tes kandungan bekerja karena daun nitrogen konten dan konsentrasi klorofil berhubungan erat, yang akan diharapkan karena sebagian besar nitrogen yang terkandung dalam daun molekul klorofil. Konten Klorofil dapat dideteksi dengan meteran konten Klorofil , sebuah instrumen portabel yang langkah-langkah kehijauan daun untuk memperkirakan konsentrasi klorofil relatif mereka.<br />
Kandungan klorofil juga dapat dinilai dengan fluorometer klorofil , yang mengukur klorofil fluoresensi rasio untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa fenolik yang diproduksi dalam jumlah yang lebih tinggi bila nitrogen terbatas. Instrumen ini sehingga dapat digunakan untuk non-destruktif pengujian untuk kekurangan nitrogen.<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-10677942422427357092012-10-03T22:52:00.001-07:002012-10-03T22:52:56.208-07:00PGPR (PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING REZOBAKTERIA)<br />
<h2>
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38;">CARA PEMBIAKAN REZOBAKTERIA SEBAGAI PGP (</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;">PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING</span><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38;">)</span></span></h2>
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}" style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;"><span style="font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}" style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;">PGPR (PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING </span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;">REZOBAKTERIA</span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;">) adalah Bakteri sekitar perakaran yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan juga merupakan agens (mikroba) pengendali hayati yang menguntungkan bagi Tumbuhan. Bakteri ini hidupnya di sekitar perakaran (Rhizosper) di mana terdapat eksudat yang dikeluarkan akar sebagai nutrusi bagi mikroba. PGPR yang bersumber pada akar rumpun bambu, rumput gajah yang mengandung bakteri Pseudomonas flourenscens, Bacillus polymixa, Bakteri tersebut mampu memacu pertumbuhan tanaman melalui beberapa cara, di antaranya:</span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;"><br /></span><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}" style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;">• Mengeluarkan cairan yang mampu melarutkan mineral (misal pospat) sehingga menjadi unsur hara yang tersedia </span><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}" style="color: #333333; line-height: 1.38;">• Merombak dan mengurai bahan organik (dekomposisi bahan organik) menjadi nutrisi tanama</span><br />
<div class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;">
n<br />• Mengeluarkan enzim dan hormon yang berguna untuk memacu pertumbuhan tanaman<br />• Mengeluarkan antibiotik yang mampu menghanbat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mikroba yang bersifat patogenik (mikroba penyebab penyakit)<br /><br /><h3>
Cara pengambilan dan pembiakan PGPR </h3>
1. 100 gr akar bamba atau rumput gajah atau putri malu (sebagai biang) direndam<br />selama 2-4 hari dalam 1 liter air masak yang telah di dinginkan<br /><br />2. Membuat adonan bahan nutrisi bakteri dengan komposisi sbb:<br />400 gr gula pasir, 200-400gr terasi, 1 kg dedak halus/bekatul, 10 liter air bening, Penyedap rasa secukupnya<br /><br />3. Adonan bahan nutrisi tersebut direbus sampai mendidih tunggu selama 15-20 menit dari mulai mendidih lalu diangkat dari atas kompor /tungku. Diamkan adonan tersebut sampai dingin (tunggu sampai temperatur adonan sama dengan temperature udara luar)<br /><br />4. Peras adonan dengan kain sehingga menjadi larutan kental kemudian di campur<br />dengan air rendaman akar rumput gajah<br /><br />5. Masukan campuran larutan tersebut kedalam jerigen/wadah tertutup<br /><br />6. Diamkan selama 7 hari. Tiap 2 hari sekali, diaduk</div>
• Mengeluarkan enzim dan hormon yang berguna untuk memacu pertumbuhan tanaman<br />• Mengeluarkan antibiotik yang mampu menghanbat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mikroba yang bersifat patogenik (mikroba penyebab penyakit)<br />
<br />
<h3>
Cara pengambilan dan pembiakan PGPR </h3>
1. 100 gr akar bamba atau rumput gajah atau putri malu (sebagai biang) direndam<br />selama 2-4 hari dalam 1 liter air masak yang telah di dinginkan<br />2. Membuat adonan bahan nutrisi bakteri dengan komposisi sbb:<br />400 gr gula pasir, 200-400gr terasi, 1 kg dedak halus/bekatul, 10 liter air bening, Penyedap rasa secukupnya<br />3. Adonan bahan nutrisi tersebut direbus sampai mendidih tunggu selama 15-20 menit dari mulai mendidih lalu diangkat dari atas kompor /tungku. Diamkan adonan tersebut sampai dingin (tunggu sampai temperatur adonan sama dengan temperature udara luar)<br />4. Peras adonan dengan kain sehingga menjadi larutan kental kemudian di campur<br />dengan air rendaman akar rumput gajah<br />5. Masukan campuran larutan tersebut kedalam jerigen/wadah tertutup<br />6. Diamkan selama 7 hari. Tiap 2 hari sekali, diaduk<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-45675461325255054062012-10-03T20:02:00.001-07:002012-10-03T20:02:08.747-07:00Kekurangan Boron (B)Kekurangan Boron (B) adalah gangguan ini jarang mempengaruhi tanaman yang tumbuh di tanah kekurangan dan sering dikaitkan dengan daerah curah hujan tinggi dan tanah tercuci.<br />
Boron mungkin ada tapi dikurung dalam tanah dengan tinggi pH , dan kekurangan mungkin lebih buruk di musim hujan. Sebagian besar dari apa yang diketahui tentang boron adalah dari pengamatan tanaman tumbuh dalam kondisi kekurangan boron. Peran utama dari boron adalah keterlibatannya dalam stabilisasi dinding sel primer dalam sel tanaman. Boron juga terlibat dalam metabolisme karbohidrat pada tanaman, sintesis protein, benih dan pembentukan dinding sel, perkecambahan serbuk sari biji-bijian dan pertumbuhan tabung serbuk sari dan translokasi gula.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
Gejala</h3>
Gejala termasuk sekarat Tips tumbuh dan pertumbuhan terhambat lebat, kasus yang ekstrim dapat mencegah set buah. Tanaman-spesifik termasuk gejala;<br />
<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Apple - berinteraksi dengan kalsium, dapat ditampilkan sebagai "inti air", daerah internal muncul beku</li>
<li>Beetroot - kasar, iri tambalan di akar internal coklat busuk .</li>
<li>Kubis - daun terdistorsi, daerah berlubang di batang.</li>
<li>Kembang kol - pengembangan miskin dadih, dan patch coklat. Batang, leafstalks dan midribs diselimuti.</li>
<li>Seledri - tangkai daun mengembangkan retak pada permukaan atas, jaringan bagian dalam berwarna coklat kemerahan.</li>
<li>Celeriac - menyebabkan busuk hati coklat</li>
<li>Pir - tunas baru mati kembali pada musim semi , buah mengembangkan bintik-bintik cokelat keras di kulit.</li>
<li>Stroberi - Stunted pertumbuhan, daun kecil, kuning dan mengerut di ujung. Buah-buahan kecil dan pucat.</li>
<li>Swedia (rutabaga) dan lobak - coklat atau abu-abu cincin konsentris berkembang di dalam akar.</li>
<li>Arecaceae ( Palm Tree ) - bintik cokelat pada daun & productivity.</li>
</ol>
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<div>
<h3>
Kondisi Tanah</h3>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Boron hadir dalam tanah dalam bentuk banyak, yang paling umum adalah Asam Borat (H 3 BO 3). Jumlah yang cukup boron dalam tanah adalah 12 mg / kg. Jika isi boron tanah turun di bawah 0,14 mg / kg maka defisiensi boron kemungkinan akan diamati. Kekurangan boron juga diamati pada tanah dasar dengan pH tinggi karena dalam kondisi dasar asam borat ada dalam bentuk terdisosiasi mana tanaman tidak mampu menyerap. Tanah dengan kandungan bahan organik yang rendah (<1 adalah="adalah" akan="akan" bagi="bagi" bahwa="bahwa" berbagai="berbagai" berlebih.="berlebih." berpasir="berpasir" bervariasi="bervariasi" boron="boron" cukup="cukup" dalam="dalam" dapat="dapat" defisiensi.="defisiensi." defisiensi="defisiensi" dengan="dengan" di="di" disimpan="disimpan" div="div" jenis="jenis" jika="jika" juga="juga" kandungan="kandungan" karakteristik="karakteristik" karena="karena" mana="mana" mengatasi="mengatasi" mungkin="mungkin" racun="racun" rentan="rentan" sangat="sangat" tanah.="tanah." tanah="tanah" tanaman.="tanaman." tanaman="tanaman" tercuci="tercuci" terhadap="terhadap" tidak="tidak" tinggi="tinggi" tingkat="tingkat" toksisitas="toksisitas" yang="yang"><div>
<br /></div>
<h3>
Persyaratan Boron</h3>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Boron merupakan mikronutrien esensial yang artinya adalah penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman, tetapi diperlukan dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil. Meskipun persyaratan Boron bervariasi antara tanaman, kandungan boron optimum dari daun tanaman kebanyakan adalah 20-100 ppm. Boron berlebih dapat mengakibatkan keracunan boron dan tingkat toksisitas bervariasi antara tanaman. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h3>
Pengobatan</h3>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Asam borat (16,5% boron), boraks (11,3% boron) atau SoluBor (20,5% boron) dapat diterapkan pada tanah untuk memperbaiki defisiensi boron. Aplikasi Khas boron yang sebenarnya adalah sekitar 1,1 kg / ha atau 1,0 lb / acre namun tingkat optimal dari boron bervariasi dengan jenis tanaman. Boraks, Borat Asam atau Solubor dapat larut dalam air dan disemprot atau diterapkan pada tanah sebagai debu. Kelebihan boron adalah racun bagi tanaman sehingga perawatan harus dilakukan untuk memastikan tingkat aplikasi yang benar dan bahkan cakupan. Daun tanaman banyak rusak oleh boron, karena itu, ketika ragu-ragu, hanya berlaku untuk tanah. Aplikasi boron tidak dapat memperbaiki kekurangan boron dalam tanah basa karena bahkan dengan penambahan boron, mungkin tetap tidak tersedia untuk penyerapan tanaman. Aplikasi Lanjutan boron mungkin diperlukan dalam tanah yang rentan terhadap pencucian seperti berpasir tanah. Tanah Flushing mengandung tingkat racun dari boron dengan air dapat menghapus boron melalui pencucian. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h3>
Fungsi</h3>
<div>
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<div>
Setelah boron telah diserap oleh tanaman dan dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai struktur yang membutuhkan boron, tidak mampu membongkar struktur dan re-boron transportasi melalui tanaman menghasilkan boron menjadi nutrisi non-mobile. [3] Ini hasil dalam gejala defisiensi boron muncul di daun muda pertama.</div>
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<div>
sumber : <a href="http://www.ecochem.com/">www.ecochem.com</a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-76451882368238412332012-10-03T19:46:00.000-07:002012-10-03T19:46:19.387-07:00Kekurangan Gizi (Deficient Nutrition)<br />
<h2>
Kekurangan Gizi</h2>
Pertumbuhan yang buruk dan berbagai keluhan seperti perubahan warna daun ( klorosis ) dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya makanan nabati. Hal ini mungkin karena kekurangan nutrisi yang diperlukan, atau karena nutrisi yang hadir tetapi tidak tersedia bagi tanaman. Yang terakhir ini dapat disebabkan oleh salah pH , kekurangan air atau kelebihan nutrisi lain. Umumnya, kunci untuk menghindari kekurangan gizi adalah untuk memastikan bahwa tanah yang sehat dan mengandung banyak bahan organik membusuk dengan baik bukan dengan makan atau mengobati individu tanaman.<br />
<br />
<h4>
Gizi (atau mineral) kekurangan meliputi:</h4>
<br />
<ol>
<li>Boron defisiensi</li>
<li>Kalsium kekurangan</li>
<li>Defisiensi besi</li>
<li>Magnesium Defisiensi</li>
<li>Mangan defisiensi</li>
<li>Nitrogen Kekurangan</li>
<li>Fosfor kekurangan</li>
<li>Kalium defisiensi</li>
</ol>
<br />
Kekurangan elemen seperti molibdenum juga dapat menyebabkan gangguan seperti whiptail di kembang kol .<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-88522580324046214442012-10-03T19:33:00.002-07:002012-10-03T19:33:39.066-07:00Fisiologis gangguan tanaman<br />
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Fisiologis gangguan tanaman disebabkan oleh non- patologis gangguan seperti cahaya buruk, kerusakan cuaca, air-logging atau kekurangan nutrisi, dan mempengaruhi fungsi pembangkit sistem. Gangguan fisiologis dibedakan dari penyakit tanaman yang disebabkan oleh patogen , seperti virus atau jamur . Sementara gejala gangguan fisiologis dapat muncul penyakit-seperti, mereka biasanya dapat dicegah dengan mengubah kondisi lingkungan. Namun, setelah tanaman menunjukkan gejala kekurangan gizi ada kemungkinan bahwa hasil yang musim akan berkurang.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Penyebab gangguan fisiologis dapat diidentifikasi dengan memeriksa:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Dimana gejala pertama muncul di pabrik-on baru daun , daun tua atau seluruh?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Pola perubahan warna apapun atau menguning-itu seluruh, antara pembuluh darah atau di sekitar tepi? Jika hanya pembuluh darah yang kekurangan kuning mungkin tidak terlibat.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Perhatikan pola umum daripada melihat individu tanaman-adalah gejala didistribusikan ke seluruh kelompok tanaman dari jenis yang sama tumbuh bersama. Dalam kasus defisiensi semua tanaman harus sama dilakukan, meskipun distribusi akan tergantung pada perawatan masa lalu diterapkan pada tanah.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Analisis tanah, seperti penentuan pH , dapat membantu untuk mengkonfirmasi adanya gangguan fisiologis. Kondisi terakhir, seperti hujan lebat, kekeringan, salju, dll, juga dapat membantu untuk menentukan penyebab gangguan tanaman.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Kerusakan Cuaca</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Frost dan dingin adalah penyebab utama tanaman kerusakan tanaman tender, meskipun tanaman hardy juga dapat menderita jika pertumbuhan baru terkena embun beku keras setelah periode cuaca hangat. Gejala akan sering muncul dalam semalam, yang mempengaruhi berbagai jenis tanaman. Daun dan batang dapat berubah menjadi hitam, dan kuncup dan bunga mungkin berubah warna, dan buram mekar mungkin tidak menghasilkan buah . Banyak tahunan tanaman, atau tanaman yang ditanam di daerah bebas es, bisa menderita kerusakan ketika suhu udara turun di bawah 40 derajat Fahrenheit (4 derajat Celcius ). Tanaman tropis mungkin mulai mengalami kerusakan dingin ketika suhu 42-48 ° F (5 sampai 9 ° C), gejala termasuk layu dari bagian atas batang dan / atau daun, dan menghitam atau pelunakan jaringan tanaman.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Frost atau kerusakan dingin dapat dihindari dengan memastikan bahwa tanaman tender benar mengeras sebelum tanam, dan bahwa mereka tidak ditanam terlalu awal musim, sebelum risiko es telah berlalu. Hindari menanam tanaman rentan dalam kantong es, atau di mana mereka akan menerima sinar matahari pagi. Melindungi tunas muda dan mekar dengan hortikultura bulu jika es diperkirakan. Dingin, angin timur pengeringan juga dapat sangat menghambat pertumbuhan semi bahkan tanpa es yang sebenarnya, sehingga tempat tinggal yang memadai atau penggunaan penahan angin adalah penting.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Kekeringan dapat menyebabkan tanaman menderita stres air dan layu. Yang memadai irigasi diperlukan selama berkepanjangan panas, periode kering. Daripada penyiraman sehari dangkal, selama air kekeringan harus diarahkan pada akar, memastikan bahwa tanah tersebut secara menyeluruh direndam dua atau tiga kali seminggu. mulsa juga membantu melestarikan kelembaban tanah dan akar tetap dingin.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Hujan lebat, terutama setelah musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan, juga dapat menyebabkan akar untuk membagi, bawang saddleback (membelah di dasar), tomat dibagi dan kentang menjadi rusak atau berlubang. Menggunakan mulsa atau menambahkan bahan organik seperti cetakan daun , kompos atau juga busuk kotoran ke tanah akan membantu untuk bertindak sebagai 'buffer' antara perubahan mendadak dalam kondisi. Penggenangan air dapat terjadi pada tanah buruk dikeringkan, terutama setelah hujan lebat. Tanaman bisa menjadi kuning dan terhambat, dan akan cenderung lebih rentan terhadap kekeringan dan penyakit. Meningkatkan drainase akan membantu untuk meringankan masalah ini.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Hail dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada buah berkulit lembut, dan juga mungkin mengizinkan membusuk coklat atau jamur untuk menembus tanaman. Tanda bercak coklat atau garis pada satu sisi yang matang apel adalah indikasi dari hujan es musim semi.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Tanaman yang terkena garam stres tidak dapat mengambil air dari tanah, karena adanya osmotik ketidakseimbangan antara tanah dan tanaman.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-47686678886701909732012-10-02T05:52:00.000-07:002012-10-03T01:03:57.221-07:00Teknik Pembuatan Arang Sekam 2<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong></strong></div>
<h3>
<strong>1. PENDAHULUAN</strong></h3>
<h3>
<strong></strong></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Arang sekam merupakan salah satu alat untuk membuat media tanam. Sekam
terbuat dari pembakaran kulit padi, di buat menjadi arang sekam sebagai
salah satu media tanam sistem hidroponik. Selain pemanfaatan limbah
padi, limbah padi tersebut bisa juga di jadikan media tanam , banyak
tanaman yang hasil produksinya lebih baik dibandingkan menggunakan media
lain ,keunggulan media arang sekam adalah bisa digunakan beberapa kali
untuk digunakan. Selain tidak kotor arang sekam dapat menyimpan air
cukup lama dibandingkan tanah biasa , muadah dalam pembuatan serta mudah
dalam penyerapan dalam melakukan penyiraman . Penggunaan arang sekam
cukup efisien dibandingkan dengan menggunakan media lain<img alt="arang sekam 2" height="225" src="http://www.bbpp-lembang.info/images/arang%20sekam%202.jpg" style="margin: 5px; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /><img alt="sekam padi" height="227" src="http://www.bbpp-lembang.info/images/sekam%20padi.jpg" style="margin: 5px; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /> <strong></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Langkah Kerja :</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li> Amati drum dan periksa keutuhannya Drum yang baik untuk tungku adalah berasal dari plat eser </li>
<li> Lubangi bagian atas dan bawah dengan
tatah pada bagian pinggir drum Bagian atas penutup digunakan untuk
penutup tungku dan bagian bawah digunakan untuk sarang </li>
<li> Buat lubang bentuk segiempat berukuran
L 22 CM, T 26 cm, pada bagian bawah drum yang berfungsi sebagi mulut
tungku Mulut tungku adalah lubang pembakaran dan pengeluaran arang
sekam </li>
<li>Buat 8 lubang berukuran garis tengah 1
cm pada ketinggian 32 cm dari bawah drum Lubang-lubang ini dibuat
untuk menempelkan 2 pasang besi begel sebagai penahan sarangan </li>
<li>Potongan besi begel berukuran panjang
65 cm sebanyak 4 batang, dan masukan dalam lubang dengan posisi
berpasangan menyilang Dengan memasang besi begel, dapat menahan
sarangan sekaligus menahan tekanan sekam </li>
<li> Pasang sarangan di atas besi begel
yang telah di beri lubang bergaris tengah 15 cm pada
tengah-tengahnya. Sarangan berguna menahan sekam agar tidak langsung
turun kebawah/dasar, adapun lubang pada sarangan adalah lubang
pembakaran sekam </li>
</ul>
<h3>
<strong>2. Prinsip kerja tungku</strong></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pinsip kerja tungku yang di buat drum bekas ini adalah
seperti prinsip keja lampu tempel, yaitu pembakaran pada bagian tengah
dalam badan tungku, dari bawah sampai dengan keatas bentuk silindris.</div>
<h3>
<strong>3. Prosesnya</strong></h3>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Masukkan paralon di tengah-tengah drum pada lubang sarangan</li>
<li>Sekam masukkan ke dalam drum ½ bagian sambil di padatkan dan kasih minyak tanah sedikit</li>
<li>Masukkan lagi sekam semuanya sampai penuh </li>
<li>Setelah drum terisi penuh paralon dicabut, sehingga nampak lubang di bagian tengah berbentuk silindris</li>
<li>Sekam dibakar dari bawah, pembakaran
dapat dengan mudah berlangsung hal ini di karenakan selain sekam kering,
juga karena di beri minyak tanah sedikit,di samping itu karena udara
yang masuk ke dalam drum melalui mulut tungku naik keatas sehingga
proses pembakaran menjadi cepat.</li>
<li>Sekam yang tebakar sedikit demi sedikit akan jatuh kebawah sambil di bulak balik menjadi arang sekam</li>
<li>Arang sekam yang terlah berwarna hitan di keluarkan menggunakan sekop</li>
<li>Arang sekam tersebut di siram dengan air bersih, supaya arang sekam tadi tidak menjadi abu</li>
<li>Arang sekam telah di siram dengan air, kemudian masukkan kedalam karung.</li>
</ul>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
4. <strong>Waktu </strong></h3>
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Ø 1 Karung sekam 45 menit<br />
Ø 2 Karung sekam hasilnya menjadi 1 karung arang sekam<br />
Ø Pembuatan arang sekam dengan menggunakan tungku dilakukan oleh 2 orang</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-19177256658681454722012-10-01T19:37:00.000-07:002012-10-03T18:55:13.294-07:00Pembuatan Sekam bakar (husk charcoal)Sekam adalah sisa atau limbah penggilingan padi yang dahulu kurang dimanfaatkan, paling-paling hanya dipakai ganjel – alas- kayu bakar waktu memasak. Keberadaannya di penggilingan padi semakin menggunung, mengganggu lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Sekarang sekam mulai banyak yang dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran pembuatan dan bahan bakar batu bata, bahkan sudah ada juga yang di buat briket arang sekam, selain dibuat briket, arang sekam juga bisa digunakan untuk media tanam sayuran dan tanaman hias karena mempunyai sifat porous dan mampu mengikat air.<br />
Arang sekam dapat dibuat dengan peralatan yang sederhana, mudah dan murah tetapi sebenarnya mempunyai hasil yang bernilai ekonomis terbukti sudah banyak yang menjual arang sekam. Hal ini bisa digunakan sebagai usaha sampingan untuk menambah pendapatan.<br />
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Alat dan Bahan:<br />
1. Cerobong asap, bagian bawah berkaki<br />
2. Air satu ember<br />
3. Koran bekas dan korek api<br />
4. Sekam 3 sag bekas pupuk urea<br />
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Cara Pembuatan:<br />
1. Cerobong asap diberi koran bekas dan dibakar<br />
2. Tuangkan sekam ke sekeliling cerobong asap sedikit demi sedikit sampai habis.<br />
- Bila asap keluar dari cerobong semakin banyak berarti pembakaran sekam terjadi dengan baik.<br />
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- Setelah + 3 jam sekam sudah terbakar semua (ditandai dengan sekam bagian luar terbakar merata dan tidak semua asap keluar melalui cerobong)<br />
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Pembakaran sekam sudah cukup terus disiram dengan air sampai bara sekam mati. Arang sekam dimasukkan kedalam sag bekas wadah sekam, biasanya 3 sag sekam menjadi + 2 sag arang sekam.<br />
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“Selamat Berusaha” Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867617142338971264.post-57730869671866492762012-10-01T19:17:00.000-07:002012-10-03T19:12:19.890-07:00Teknik siraman fertigasi"Saya pernah terbaca,pokok cili kulai memerlukan siraman baja 1.5liter air baja sehari drpd nota yang diberi kepada kwn saya semasa menghadiri kursus fertigasi.Apakah pandangan anda?" Demikian pertanyaan yang kawan saya ajukan.<br />
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Artinya : bergantung jenis media, umur pokok dan juga cuaca dan ec baja...bukan statik sebagaimana kata kawan tu. Kalau tengok keadaan daun pokok subjektif bergantung kepada pengalaman..begitu juga kalau kena pastikan 30% kelembapan tu..apakah panduan yang terbaik kepada penanam yang baru nak mempelajarinya...ec vs volume air baja..sebagai guideline sahaja tak tertakluk kepada faktor disebutkan tadi, tapi juga hubungan dengan umur pokok yang di polibeg.<br />
1 L sehari/pokok (dewasa) adalah reasonable asp jika gunakan medium cocopeat + arang sekam. Kalau timun lebih lagi (air). Itu yang saya praktik sejak dulu.<br />
Daripada pengalaman,penambahan air baja kat pokok cili kulai ni pun bukan boleh di bagi ikut makin banyak..makin bagus pokok..bagi lebih sikit..kalau silap..daun akan keras<br />
Untuk Timun..betul perlu banyak air..tapi air baja taklah perlu banyak sangat..banyak air yang penting Pendapat saya 600~750ml/hari adalah average isipadu air baja utk pokok cili kulai dewasa tapi apa2 pun kenalah tengok keadaan daun tu, dan kalau nak bagus lagi buat kekerapan menyiram air baja yang lebih kerap..biarlah bagi sikit2 pun..tapi banyak kali..sbb manusia pun makan sepinggan dah kenyang dah..bagi 3 pinggan mau muntah kut.<br />
sebenarnya air yang banyak takde masalah janji air baja mestilah rendah penggunaanya. pokok akan tahan lebih lama. sebagai contoh, pokok cili saya kena penyakit mozek kesemuanya. tetapi hasilnya agak membanggakan dari hari ke hari. ada peningkatan. daun pun tak keras dan buah pun bertambah banyak.<br />
Secara purata. Keadaan humiditi di Malaysia adalah tinggi asp tengahari. So ada sesetengah kes, terpaksa topup air kosong pd waktu 12-2pm. Utk lbh praktikal, kos baja blh dijadualkn ie pagi baja, petang air kosong. Pengalaman saya dlm ternakn kambing, pagi makanan berat ie palet, petang makan ringan (mudah hadam) akan buatkan kambing dapat optimiskan pencernaan makanan. Anyhow, pemerhatian tahap keperluan air/air baja kepada pokok adalah penting supaya pokok dpt apa yang sepatutnya dan tiada pembaziran.<br />
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sumber : <a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/1magro/">1MFG</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13917319581670404319noreply@blogger.com0